Insulin Flashcards
(45 cards)
What is endogenous insulin
originates within the body
What is exogenous insulin
originates outside the body
exogenous insulin restores the cells in the body to do what with glucose
use glucose as energy
what does exogenous insulin correct
hyperglycemia
what type of diabetes does exogenous insulin treat
both type 1 & type 2
what levels does insulin lower (think electrolyte/lab)
plasma potassium
What is human insulin (insulin treatment)
identical to insulin produced by the pancreas
what is human insulin analogs (insulin treatment)
modified forms of human insulin
what does basal-bolus insulin therapy mimic
mimics physiological insulin secretion of a “normal” pancreas
what does basal mean in the basal-bolus insulin therapy process
a little insulin all day and night
what does bolus mean in the basal-bolus insulin therapy process
burst of insulin with meals to cover carbs eaten
Why is a correction dose given to correct bs along with basal-bolus
to correct bs elevations that occur despite using basal and mealtime insulin
what type of insulin is basal
long acting
what type of insulin is required in all type 1 diabetics
basal insulin
what type of insulin is bolus
fast acting
what is bolus insulin used for
given for rise in bs when food is consumed
what is bolus insulin used to cover
IV dextrose
enteral nutriton
TPN
when do we give the bolus/mealtime insulin
when the meal is in the pt’s room and they are ready to eat
should mealtime insulin be given if the patient is NPO
no
why is fast acting insulin given in addition to the basal-bolus insulin
to help correct a high level bs and bring it down to a normal range quickly
when is rapid acting insulin given
with meals
what types of rapid acting insulin are there
aspart (Novolog)
lispro (Humalog)
glulisine (Apidra)
how soon should the pt eat when rapid acting insulin is given
within 15 mins of admin
what routes cna short acting insulin be given
iv
im
subq
