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cell bio test 3 > integument > Flashcards

integument Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the integument include?

A

skin sweat glands sebaceous gland hair and nails.

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2
Q

what are the function of the skin

A

protection, body temp regulation, reception, absorption, excretion.

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3
Q

where is thick skin found

A

palms and soles of feet

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4
Q

where is thin skin found

A

everywhere else

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5
Q

what does thin skin contain

A

hair follicle arrector pili muscles, sabaceous glands, sweat glands

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6
Q

what is the epidermis

A

the epithelial layer of skin contain stratified squamous keratinized

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7
Q

what is the dermis

A

loose CT dense irregular collagenous ct

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8
Q

which layer is avascular

A

the epidermis

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9
Q

what are the two cell types of the epidermis

A

keratinocytes and nonkeratinocytes

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10
Q

what is the diffence between the keratinocytes and the non

A

the keratinocytes have accumulated keratin filiments renewed at night desquamate every 20-30 days.

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11
Q

in what section of the slide would mitotic division occur in keratinocytes

A

the basal layer next to the membrane anchored with hemidesmosones

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12
Q

what time of day does mitosis take place in your keratinocytes

A

in the dark

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13
Q

what are the three types of nonkeratinocytes

A

langerhands cells merkel cells and melanocytes

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14
Q

what is the role of langerhans cells

A

defense cells protect from forieng antigens

derived from bone marrow reside in statum spinosum and interact with lymphocytes

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15
Q

what is the role of merkel cells

A

mechanoreceptors fine detial touch sensation.

found in statum basale form merkel cell neurite complexes with unmyelanated nerve terminals

fingertips

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16
Q

what is the role of melanocytes

A

sun umbrellas protect DNA from UV light form melanin

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17
Q

where do langerhans cells derive from

A

precursors inn the bone marrow go to blood stream then go to epidermis and stratam spinosum

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18
Q

what does a birmeck granule(veriform granules) inside of a langerhans cell look like

A

vessicle portion connected to a rod like extension

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19
Q

where are merkel cells found in abundance

A

finger tips and base of hair follicles

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20
Q

where is the merkel cell located

A

at the basal layer statum basale

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21
Q

what form the merkel cell neurite complexes

A

merkel cell and unmyelinated nerve terminal

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22
Q

what are melanocytes derived from

A

the neural crest

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23
Q

what do melanocytes make

A

melanin

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24
Q

where are melanocytes found in a cell

A

in the stratum basale and superficial dermis

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25
what part of the melanocyte makes tyrosinase
the RER makes it and GA packages it into melanosomes
26
what parts of the epidermis have more melanocytes
the parts that are more exposed to the light
27
what causes races to have diffenent skin coloration
the number of melanocytes is the same it’s the activity of tyrosinase numver of melanin granulas sice and distribution and rate of breakdown of the granuals
28
how does the melanin get into adjecent cells to protect them
the melanocyte has cytoplasmic processes that invade its neighbors and then break down and release the melanin around the side of the nucleus exposed to the light.
29
what is vitiligo
an autoimmune disease of melanocytes caues skin spots where no melanocyts reside.
30
what is albinism
melanocyts don’t make melanin due to bad tyrosinase activity
31
what are the strata of thick skin
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, startum spinosum, stratum basale
32
what does the stratum corneum do and what are its characteristics
it provides protection, callus fomation, no nuclei or organelles continouse desquamate due to no desmosones
33
what does the stratum lucidum do and what are characteistics
protection no nuclei or organelles with keratin filiments light staining region
34
what does the stratum granulosum do and what are the characteristics
water proofing does have nuclei apoptotic nuclear morphology, soft keratine granuels membran coating granules called lamellar bodies
35
how does the stratum granulosum waterproof
exocytosis of lipid rich substancs form sheets of waterproofing aslo causing starvatoin of superficial layers becaue of lipid membrane that it forms.
36
what does the stratum spinosum do and what are the characteristics
binding and protection, thick prominent statum interdigitating processes with desmosomes, prickly appearance bundles of intemedialte filomantes cytokeratine (tonofilaments) in cells of upper layers membrane coating franuls lamellar and mitosis in basal layer of the stratum (langerhans cells)
37
what does the stratum basale do
germinativum, cell renewal achors epidermis to base membrane.
38
what the characteristics of the stratum basale
single layer of cells desmosones bind to neighboring cells, lots of mitotic activity have hemidesmosones
39
in stratum spinosum what forms the bridges between the cells
desmosones junctions between to interdigitatin processes of keratinocytes.
40
what are the layers of thin skin
startum coreum, spinosum, and basale. Startum lucida and granulosa barely there.
41
what is ichyosis
kyperkeratosis makes you have fish like scales.
42
what glues the epidermis to the dermis
thebasement membrane
43
what are the layers of the dermis that extend into the epidermas and where are they found
dermis papillae and can be found in high mechanical stress areas like soles of feetand palmes (thick skin areas)
44
what forms our fingerprints
the dermal ridges
45
what does the dermis do
it provides the nutritional needs of the epidermis
46
what are the two layers of the dermis
the papillary layer and the reticular layer
47
what does the papilary layer do and what is it made of
forms the papillae to provide nutrients makde of loose CT reticular fibers elsastic fibers anchoring ribrils VII and meissner corpuscles (mechanorecptors)
48
what are kreause end bulbs
thermoreceptors
49
into what level do 2nd deree burns extend
papillary layer if superfical and reticular if deep.
50
what is the reticular layer made of
Dense irregular CT type 1 collagen thick elastic fibers proteoglycans fibroblasts, mast cells lymphocytes macrophages fat cells hair follicle arrector pili muscles sebaaceous glands sweat glands
51
what two types of receptors are found in the reticular layer
pacinian corpuscles detect pressure/vibrations, and ruffini corpuscles are tensile forces numerous in soles of feet.
52
is the hypodermis part of the skin
no its part of the subcutanous layer superficial facia layer
53
what do eccrine sweat glands do
thermoregulators found by themselves, simple coiled tubular glandslocatd in deep dermis or hypodermis innervate3d by symphathetic fibers cholinergic endings.
54
what three things run with hiar
the folliclue eractor pili muscles and the sebaceous glands
55
what what types of cells make the errine sweat glands
simple cubodial to low colimnar
56
what type of cells surround the secretory unit
myoepitheial cells help squeeze the sweat out.
57
where are apoceine sweat glands found
axilla areola and anal region
58
what activates the apocrine sweat glands
hormones so start at puberty
59
what activates the function of sebaceous glands
hormones again starts after puberty
60
what type of secretion method do sebacous cells use
holocrine
61
what type of secretion method do apocrine and eccrine cells us
merocrine
62
what is the acinus made of in sebaceous glands
the small basal cells immature on the basal lamina and the larger round cells that are degenerating
63
what is the duct made of in sebacous glands
stratified squamous epithelium
64
what are the three types of hairs
vellus soft short hair like eyelids, terminal long course on scalp and eybrowns, and lanugo on fetus
65
what are the parts of the hair follicles
hair root" dermal papilla and matrix" external root sheath, internal root sheath "henlesys outer, huxleuys middle , and cuticle inner layer" and hair shaft "medulla inner, cortex middle, and cuticle outer"
66
what type of muscles is the arrector pili muscles
smooth muscles
67
what innervates the erctor papillu
sympathetic innervation
68
be able to identif the nail plate and nail bed
good job
69
where does nail growth occue
in the nail matrix

cell bio test 3 (3 decks)

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