integument

Question 1

What does the integumentary system consist of?

Answer 1

skin, hair, nails, exocrine glands

Question 2

What Are the 7 functions of the skin?

Answer 2

protection, water resistant, temperature regulation, secretion, sensory reception, vitamin D synthesis, immune defense

Question 3

How does the skin regulate temperature?

Answer 3

To lose/dissipate heat: Blood vessels dilate more blood comes to surface and sweat glands secrete sweat which evaporates to gain heat,
to conserve heat: Blood vessels in dermis constrict at surface and blood is shunted deeper to lose heat

Question 4

how does the skin defend against immune system?

Answer 4

Epidermal dendritic cells phagocytize(eat up) foreign material

Question 5

most superficial layer of skin

Answer 5

epidermis

Question 6

What tissue is in the epidermis?

Answer 6

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 7

is the epidermis vascular or avascular?

Answer 7

avascular

Question 8

how many layers of epidermis thick skin are there?

Answer 8

5 layers

Question 9

how many layers of thin skin?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

What are the epidermal ridges?

Answer 10

rounded projections that interlock with the dermis

Question 11

What is stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 11

superficial cells that are flattened and deeper cells that are cuboidal and serve for protection, consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 12

What is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium and where are they?

Answer 12

Alive cells kept moist, oral cavity, pharynx, vagina (openings to body)

Question 13

what is the dermis and what does it consist of?

Answer 13

the second layer of skin, contains nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands

Question 14

what tissue is in the dermis?

Answer 14

dense irregular tissue and some areolar connective tissue

Question 15

What is dermal papillae and where is it?

Answer 15

projections interlocked with epidermal ridges in the dermis

Question 16

What does areolar connective tissue consist of and what is its function?

Answer 16

fibroblasts, lots of ground substance
function: Packing and binding material together around organs

Question 17

Is Areolar connective tissue vascular or avascular?

Answer 17

vascular

Question 18

what does dense irregular tissue consist of and what is its function?

Answer 18

fibroblasts, only a little ground substance, collagen in tightly packed clumps
function: Strength and support, withstands stresses in many directions (pulling skin)

Question 19

is dense irregular tissue vascular or avascular?

Answer 19

vascular

Question 20

Where is the subcutaneous layer and what is the function?

Answer 20

the bottom layer of skin deep to integument (technically not part of integument)
function: Stores fat and anchors integument to underlying tissue

Question 21

What are the features of adipose connective tissue and its function?

Answer 21

Adipocytes and the nuclei are pushed to the periphery of the cell by the fat droplet
function: Energy storage, insulation, protection, support

Question 22

what tissue is in the subcutaneous layer?

Answer 22

Areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue

Question 23

What do keratinocytes do and where are they found?

Answer 23

found throughout all layers of skin and they produce keratin

Question 24

what is the life cycle of keratinocytes?

Answer 24

They undergo mitosis, move through all layers and are sloughed off

Question 25

What do melanocytes do and where are they?

Answer 25

Found in the stratum basale only and Produce melanin

Question 26

What are freckles?

Answer 26

irregular patches of melanin

Question 27

What are tactile cells and where are they?

Answer 27

connected to nerve endings for touch and found in the stratum basale only

Question 28

What are epidermal dendritic cells and where are they?

Answer 28

Ingest bacteria and foreign debris including epidermal cancer cells and found in the stratum spinosum

Question 29

What is the stratum basale layer?

Answer 29

deepest layer of epidermis, single layer of columnar and cuboidal keratinocytes resting on basement membrane where keratinocytes are constantly dividing mitotically

Question 30

What is the stratum granulosum layer?

Answer 30

Superficial to stratum spinosum, the 3-5 layers of granular, flattened keratinocytes begin keratinization (die off)

Question 31

What is the stratum spinosum?

Answer 31

Superficial to the stratum basale, several layers of polygonal shaped keratinocytes (still alive)

Question 32

What is keratinization?

Answer 32

process where the nucleus shrivels up, cell dies, and cell fills up with protein keratin (barely alive or dead). completes by the corneum layer

Question 33

What is the stratum lucidum?

Answer 33

Clear layer that's Superficial to stratum granulosum, only in thick skin, 2-3 layers of pale, flattened anucleate keratinocytes (dead cells)

Question 34

What is the stratum corneum?

Answer 34

hornlike later that is the most superficial, 20-30 layers of dead anucleate keratinocytes constantly shed

Question 35

what is the reticular layer and where is it?

Answer 35

Below the papillary layer, direct contact with the subcutaneous layer, contains the secretory portion of sweat glands, oil glands, and hair follicles, and dense irregular tissue

Question 35

What is the papillary layer and where is it?

Answer 35

Superficial layer of the dermis and contains dermal papillae

Question 36

What are nails formed by and what is the function?

Answer 36

formed by stratum corneum and its serves for protection for tips of fingers and foes and helps grasp objects

Question 37

What is the function of hair and what does it consist of?

Answer 37

associated with sebaceous glands and arrector pills muscle, function: protection against UV rays, sensory reception and heat retention

Question 38

What does the arrector pili muscle do?

Answer 38

Smooth muscle that causes goose bumps

Question 39

What do exocrine glands do and where are they found?

Answer 39

found in the secretory portions found in reticular layer of dermis, and they release their secretions through ducts that open onto the service of the epidermis

Question 40

What are the two exocrine glands?

Answer 40

sebaceous and sweat glands

Question 41

Most common sebaceous gland and what does it do?

Answer 41

holocrine glands, associated with hair follicles, secretes sebum for lubrication and water proofing of epidermis to prevent brittle hair and causes zits

Question 42

Function of sweat glands?

Answer 42

excrete waste and cools body

Question 43

What are the thin skin layers?

Answer 43

Basal layer Spinous layer Granular layer Stratum corneum