Integument

Question 1

Integumentary System

Answer 1

An organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands.

Question 2

Epidermis

Answer 2

The epithelium covering the surface/outer layer of the skin. An avascular layer of the skin mainly made up of squamous cells.

Question 3

Dermis

Answer 3

The connective tissue layer beneath the skin’s surface. Contains blood vessels and layers of loose and irregular connective tissue. fibrous structure composed of collagen, elastic tissue, and other extracellular components that includes vasculature, nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands. The role of the dermis is to support and protect the skin and deeper layers, assist in thermoregulation, and aid in sensation

Question 4

Papillary Layer

Answer 4

A layer of dermis containing: (endings of) capillaries, lymph vessels and sensory neurons. It has a loose network of connective tissue, this characteristic separates it from the reticular layer underneath

Question 5

Dermal Layer

Answer 5

Increased the surface area between the epidermis and dermis, thereby strengthening the juncture with the epidermis and increasing the amount exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste.

Question 6

Reticular Layer

Answer 6

made of thick collagen fibers that are arranged in parallel to the surface of the skin. The reticular layer is denser than the papillary dermis, and it strengthens the skin, providing structure and elasticity.

Question 7

Keratinocytes

Answer 7

The primary cell of the epidermis that produces keratin. An epidermal cell

Question 8

Langerhans (Denditic) Cells

Answer 8

Cells in the epithelium of the skin that participate in the immune response by presenting antigens to T cells of the immune system. They act as messengers between the innate and the adaptive immune systems.

Question 9

Merkel Cells

Answer 9

Sensory cell of the epidermis; essential for light-touch sensations

Question 10

Melanocytes

Answer 10

specialized cells in the deeper layers of the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin; responsible for the production of melanin.

Question 11

Thick Skin

Answer 11

Thick skin has a thinner dermis than thin skin, and does not contain hairs, sebaceous glands, or apocrine sweat glands. Thick skin is only found in areas where there is a lot of abrasion - fingertips, palms and the soles of your feet

Question 12

Thin Skin

Answer 12

Thin skin is the type that is found covering most parts of the body excluding certain parts of the hands and feet. Thin skin has hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands present. The thin skin protects the body from invasion by pathogens and it produces sweat which helps to not only cool the body but also has antimicrobial properties.

Question 13

Hair

Answer 13

Can be associated with arrector pili muscle that facilitates me to stand up. A keratinous strand produced by epithelial cells. The functions of hair include protection, regulation of body temperature, and facilitation of evaporation of perspiration; hairs also act as sense organs.

Question 14

Nails

Answer 14

Protect and facilitate dexterity. A keratinous structure produced by epithelial cells of the nail root

Question 15

Sweat Glands

Answer 15

A type of exocrine gland - small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat. They release their contents by secretory vesicle exocytosis. Sweat glands are used to regulate temperature and remove waste by secreting water, sodium salts, and nitrogenous waste onto the skin surface. The main electrolytes of sweat are sodium and chloride

Question 16

Sebaceous Glands

Answer 16

Glands that secret sebum; that opens into a hair follicle. They release their content by cell rupture. serve to protect the body against microorganisms. Sebaceous glands secrete acids that form the acid mantle. This is a thin, slightly acidic film on the surface of the skin that acts as a barrier to microbes that might penetrate the skin.

Question 17

Sebum

Answer 17

A waxy secretion that coats the surface of hairs. seals in moisture and prevents skin from becoming over dry

Question 18

Holocrine Secretion

Answer 18

A form of exocrine secretion in which the secretory cell becomes swollen with vesicles and then ruptures. Holocrine secretions are produced in the cytoplasm of the cell and released by the rupture of the plasma membrane

Question 19

Merocrine Secretion

Answer 19

A methods of secretion in which the cell ejects materials from secretory vesicles through exocytosis. secretions of that cell are excreted via exocytosis from secretory cells into an epithelial-walled duct or ducts and then onto a bodily surface or into the lumen

Question 20

Tactile Corpuscles

Answer 20

A type of nerve ending in the skin that is responsible for sensitivity to light touch.

Question 21

Conduction

Answer 21

transfers heat via direct molecular collision

Question 22

Convection

Answer 22

the transfer of heat due to the bulk movement of molecules within fluids (gases and liquids)

Question 23

Evaporation

Answer 23

A movement of molecules from the liquid state to the gaseous state.

Question 24

Radiation Thermoreceptor

Answer 24

Thermal sensations are associated with stimulation of localized sensory spots in the skin. Thermoreceptors are specialized nerve cells that are able to detect differences in temperature.

Question 25

Vasodilation

Answer 25

An increase in the diameter (widening) of arterioles due to the relaxation of smooth muscles cells in the vessel walls (tunica media), in particular in the large veins, large arteries, and smaller arterioles. It decreases peripheral resistance, may occur in response to local factors, through the action of hormones, or after decreased stimulation of he vasomotor center. usually near the surface of skin, leading to increased blood flow with flushing or warmth.

Question 26

Vasoconstriction

Answer 26

A reduction in the diameter (narrowing) of arterioles due to the contraction of smooth muscles cells in the vessel walls (tunica media); increases peripheral resistance;may occur in response to local factors, through the action of hormones, or from the stimulation of the vasomotor center.