Integumentary Flashcards by Japeth Jaco

A ___ is the part of a human body which
includes the ears, brain, forehead, cheeks,
chin, eyes, nose, and mouth

head

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Heads, sensory functions are

sight
hearing
smell
taste

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The outer, middle, and inner ear are responsible for collecting auditory information.

Ear

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Ears is responsible for?

Hearing and balance

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valuable sense organ that gives us the
* ability to see.

Eyes

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contains the teeth, tonsils, and tongue.
: 2 main functions: Eating and speaking

Mouth

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Three nerves sends taste information to the brain and interpreted

facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus

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Responsible for smelling

Nose

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_____ in your upper nasal cavity send messages to your brain to help you distinguish an infinite number of smells

Olfactory nerves

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Structures include the eyelids and surrounding tissues, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus, cornea, and anterior chamber

External Eye

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ASSESSMENT OF THE EYE Includes:

▪External eye structure
▪Visual fields
▪Extra ocular muscle test
▪Visual acuity

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Eye assessment equipments

▪ Cotton tip applicator
▪Gauze pad
▪Clean gloves
▪Millimeter ruler
▪Penlight
▪Snellen’s or Echart
▪Opaque card

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Nearsightedness

Myopia

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Farsightedness

Hyperopia

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: Loss of elasticity of the lens and thus loss of ability to see close objects.

Presbyopia

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An uneven curvature of the cornea that prevents horizontal and vertical rays from focusing on the retina

Astigmatism

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Inflammation of the bulbar
and palpebral conjunctiva

CONJUNCTIVITIS

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Inflammation of the
lacrimal sac

Dacryocytitis

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fiedness, swelling and
tenderness of the hair follicle

Hordeolum

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Inflammation of the Iris

Iritis

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“Black eye” resulting from
injury

Hematoma/Contusion

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Opacity of lens and its
capsule

Cataracts

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A disturbance in the
circulation of aqueous fluid
which causes an increase in
intra ocular pressure

Glaucoma

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The eardrum vibrates when sound
waves enter the ear canal and pass vibrations to
the oval window, which is a membrane at the
entrance to the inner ear.

Hearing

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is achieved through a combination of the sensory organ in the inner ear, visual input, and information received from receptors in the body, especially around joints.

Balance

is a test for lateralization. Tap the tuning fork strongly on your palm and then press the butt of the instrument on the top of the patient’s head in the midline and ask the patient where they hear the sound

Weber Test

evaluates hearing loss by comparing air conduction to bone conduction. Air conduction hearing occurs through air near the ear

Rinne Test

Layers of the skin

Three layers: epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layers

Heaviest single organ of the body ● 16% of body weight

Skin

● Outer visible layer ● Avascular ● Contains keratin

Epidermis

● Made up of proteins and mucopolysaccharides ● Contains nerve tissues, blood vessels, sweat and sebum glands, and hair follicles

Dermis

● Made up of fatty connective tissue

Subcutaneous Layer

● Made up of keratinized cells ● Grows from hair follicles supplied by blood vessels

Hair

Hair Types

Types: Vellus and Terminal hair

Short, pale, and fine hair

Vellus hair

● Dark and coarse ● Found on the scalp, brows, legs, axillae and perineum

Terminal hair

● Made up of hard, keratinized cells and grow from a nail root under the cuticle

Nail

grow approximately 0.1mm daily

Finger Nails

Sweat glands

Eccrine Glands Apocrine Glands

Widely distributed, open directly onto the skin surface Help control body temperature

Eccrine glands

▪ Axillary and genital regions ▪ Open into hair follicles ▪ Responsible for adult body odor due to bacterial decomposition

* Apocrine glands

produce fatty substance secreted onto the skin surface through the hair follicles and lubricates the hair shaft.

Sebaceous Glands

If respiration is impaired, alterations are the skin are. most often evident through the development of

cyanosis

Bluish discoloration of the skin, as hemoglobin becomes unsaturated with oxygen

Cyanosis

Occurs when O2 saturation is <80% and results in diffuse changes in the skin and mucous membranes

Central Cyanosis

Occurs in response to decreased cardiac output. Evident in areas of the body such as the nail beds and lips May also be evident when an individual is chilled..

Cyanosis

Loss of the normal angle between the nail and nail bed owing to bulbous swelling of the soft tissue of the terminal phalanx of a digit due severe and chronic cardiopulmonary diseases

Nail Clubbing

The skin layer contains a network of blood vessels, which contribute to its ability to regulate temperature and obtain nourishment.

The Cardiovascular system

Alterations in the cardiovascular system can lead to circulatory impairment and changes in

skin color and temperature

system is responsible for the conversion of food to absorbable nutrients and elimination of wastes

The Gastrointestinal System

Yellowish discoloration of the skin due to bile build-up secondary to impaired bile secretion

Jaundice

Skin Manifestation

Jaundice Xanthomas

Other Skin Manifestations – Vitamin A Deficiency

Xerosis Phrynoderma

abnormally dry, scaly skin or membranes

Xerosis

hyperkeratosis of the skin manifested by red-brown follicular papules that are approximately 2-6mm in diameter, with a central keratotic spinous plug

Phrynoderma

Other Skin Manifestations – Riboflavin Deficiency

Cheilosis Glossitis

– chapping and fissuring of the lips – sore, red tongue

Cheilosis Glossitis

Other Skin Manifestations – Vitamin C Deficiency

Capillary fragility resulting in purpura, petechiae, and ecchymosis in the skin and splinter hemorrhages in the nails

Other Skin Manifestations – Vitamin C Deficiency

Corkscrew hair Alopecia

spoonlike convexity of the nails

Koilonychia

Other Skin Manifestations – Iron Deficiency

Thinning of hair Palmar crease pallor

loss of pink color in the palmar creases on the full open palms

Palmar crease pallor

Other Skin Manifestations – Protein Deficiency

Flag sign Enamel paint skin

alternating horizontal bands of hypopigmentation of the hair

Flag sign

dark, dry kin that splits open when stretched, revealing pale areas between the cracks

Enamel paint skin

Responsible for filtering the blood, production of red blood cells, and regulation of electrolyte and fluid status

Urinary System

Skin Manifestations Of Urinary System

Uremic frost Edema

Tiny, yellow-white urea crystals deposits on the skin resulting in a frosted appearance as sweat evaporates.

Uremic frost

Impaired renal function may result in fluid retention

Edema

* Autonomic nerve fibers permit sensations of touch, temperature, pressure, vibrations, and pain, control the skin’s blood vessels and glands, regulating the skin’s temperature, moisture, and illness.

The Neurological System

Alterations of this system may affect the skin in myriad ways

endocrine system

Thyroid Disease

Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism

The skin is often dry and cool and becomes puffy, with nonpitting edema. It may develop a yellow hue as carotene accumulates. The hair becomes dull, brittle, and sparse

Hypothyroidism

The skin is warmer, sweatier, and smoother than usual The nails are thin and brittle and may separate from the nail plate. The hair is fine and silky, with patchy hair loss.

Hyperthyroidism

Adrenal Disease

Hypofunction (Addison’s Disease) Hyperfunction (Cushing’s Syndrome)

Bronze discoloration of the skin and alopecia

Hypofunction (Addison’s Disease)

Violaceous striae, facial acne, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans

Hyperfunction (Cushing’s Syndrome)

* Involved in protecting the body from both external and endogenous factors

The Lymphatic/Immune System

Hypersensitivity reaction Psoriasis Butterfly rash in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Integumentary Flashcards

(79 cards)