Assessing the Neurological System and Mental Status Examination

Question 1

Right and Left
hemispheres joined by
the corpus callosum

Answer 1

Cerebrum

Question 2

Four lobes

Answer 2

• Frontal
• Parietal
• Temporal
• Occipital

Question 3

aggregation of neuronal cell bodies; mediates higher-level function (memory, perception,
communication, initiation
of voluntary movements)

Answer 3

Gray Matter

Question 4

Regulate emotional expression,
behavior, intellect; influence personality; control voluntary
movement

Answer 4

Frontal Lobe

Question 5

Influence hearing, smell, taste,
and memory

Answer 5

Temporal Lobe

Question 6

Perceives and interpret sensory
inputs such as pain, temperature, touch, texture,
and proprioception

Answer 6

Parietal Lobe

Question 7

Perceive and interpret visual
stimuli, including spatial relationships; Influence the
ability to read with
understanding

Answer 7

Occipital Lobe

Question 8

Clusters multiple stimuli into a
coherent whole before sending it to the cerebral cortex for perception

Answer 8

Thalamus

Question 9

Regulates production of several
hormones responsible for regulating water balance, appetite, vital signs, sleep cycles, pain perception, and emotional status

Answer 9

Hypothalamus

Question 10

Regulates visual, auditory, and other reflexes and controls eye movements, focusing, and
pupil dilation

Answer 10

Midbrain

Question 11

Helps control respiratory function, facial
movement and sensation, and eye movement

Answer 11

Pons

Question 12

Regulates heart and respiratory rate, BP, and protective reflexes such as swallowing, vomiting, sneezing, and coughing

Answer 12

Medulla Oblongata

Question 13

Coordination and smoothing of
voluntary movements,
maintaining equilibrium, and
maintenance of muscle tone

Answer 13

Cerebellum

Question 14

• Located in the vertebral canal
• Extends from the medulla oblongata
  to the first lumbar vertebra (L1)
• Conducts sensory impulses up the ascending tracts to the brain
• Conducts motor impulses down the descending tracts to neurons that stimulate glands and muscles
  throughout the body
• Responsible for simple reflex activity

Answer 14

SPINAL CORD

Question 15

Afferent
* Conducting or conducted
towards the brain

Question 16

• Conducting or conducted
  away from the brain

Answer 16

Efferent

Question 17

• Anterior

Answer 17

Ventral

Question 18

• Posterior

Answer 18

Dorsal

Question 19

Sensations of pain, temperature, and crude an light touch
travel by the way of the

Answer 19

spinothalamic tract

Question 20

Sensations of position, vibration and fine touch travel by way
of the

Answer 20

posterior columns

Question 21

Impulses from the afferent fibers of the peripheral nerves are
carried through

Answer 21

the posterior root ganglion

Question 22

control voluntary
skilled movement of the extremities and
fine movement of the fingers

Answer 22

Corticospinal tracts

Question 23

voluntary control of
face, head, and neck

Answer 23

Corticobulbar tract

Question 24

Pyramidal Tracts
Motor neurons original in the motor cortex
and travel down the medulla

Answer 24

Pyramidal Tracts

Question 25

Extrapyramidal Tracts Responsible for INVOLUNTARY control and modulation like tone and balance Originate in the brainstem

Answer 25

Extrapyramidal Tracts

Question 26

Responsible for fine motor control

Answer 26

Rubrospinal tract (midbrain)

Question 27

facilitates contraction and increases tone

Answer 27

Pons

Question 28

inhibits ontraction, decreases tone, and automatic breathing

Answer 28

Medulla

Question 29

Involved in balance and posture

Answer 29

Vestibulospinal tract

Question 30

Involved in the coordinate head and eye coordination

Answer 30

Tectospinal (Colliculospinal) tract

Question 31

Carries smell impulses from nasal mucous membrane to brain

Answer 31

- Olfactory Nerve

Question 32

Carries visual impulses from eye to brain

Answer 32

Optic Nerve

Question 33

Contracts eye muscles to control eye movements (superolateral, superomedial, inferolateral, and medial), constricts pupils, and elevates eyelid

Answer 33

Oculomotor Nerve

Question 34

Contracts superior oblique muscle to control inferomedial eye movement

Answer 34

- Trochlear Nerve

Question 35

Trigeminal NerveMotor: Chewing and jaw opening and clenching Sensory: Conveying sensory data from eyes (cornea), nose, mouth, teeth, jaw, forehead, scalp, and facial skin

Answer 35

Trigeminal Nerve

Question 36

Trigeminal Nerve 3 divisions:

Answer 36

Ophthalmic, Maxillary, and Mandibular

Question 37

Abducens Nerve Controls lateral eye movements

Answer 37

Abducens Nerve

Question 38

Motor: Closing eyes, closing mouth, moving lips and other muscles of facial expression, salivation and lacrimation Sensory: Tasting on anterior tongue

Answer 38

Facial Nerve

Question 39

Facial Nerve Branches:

Answer 39

Branches: Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical

Question 40

Contains sensory fibers for hearing and balance

Answer 40

Acoustic/ Vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 41

Hearing Pathways

Answer 41

Conductive phase Sensorineural phase

Question 42

Sensory: Contains sensory fibers for taste on posterior third of tongue and sensory fibers of the pharynx that result in the gag reflex when stimulated Motor: Provides secretory fibers to the parotid salivary glands; promotes swallowing movements

Answer 42

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Question 43

Carries sensation from the throat, larynx, heart, lungs, bronchi, gastrointestinal tract, and abdominal viscera

Answer 43

Vagus Nerve

Question 44

Innervates neck muscles (sternocleidomastoid and trapezius) that promote movement of the shoulders and head rotation

Answer 44

Spinal Accessory Nerve

Question 45

Innervates tongue muscles that promote the movement of food and talking

Answer 45

Hypoglossal Nerve

Question 46

31 pairs (8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal)

Answer 46

SPINAL NERVES

Question 47

The sensory root of each spinal nerve innervates an area of the skin called a

Answer 47

DERMATOME

Question 48

Remember SAME DAVE

Answer 48

Remember SAME DAVE Sensory Afferent Motor Efferent Dorsal Afferent Ventral Efferent

Question 49

activated during stress and elicits responses such as decreased gastric secretions, bronchiole dilatation, increased pulse rate, and pupil dilation; arise from the thoracolumbar level (T1 to L2)

Answer 49

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 50

Parasympathetic nervous system:

Answer 50

restore and maintain normal body functions like decreasing the heart rate; arise from the craniosacral regions (S1 to S4 and CN III, VI, IX, and X)

Question 51

Impulses are carried by both

Answer 51

cranial and spinal nerves

Question 52

an auditory, visual, or motor sensation that forewarns the client that a seizure is about to occur

Answer 52

Aura

Question 53

“fainting” sensation

Answer 53

Dizziness

Question 54

sensation that the surroundings are spinning around or that the person is spinning around; often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, nystagmus, and tinnitus

Answer 54

Vertigo

Question 55

temporary loss of consciousness

Answer 55

* Syncope

Question 56

numbness or tinglin

Answer 56

Paresthesia –

Question 57

Deficit in the Five Senses – sense of smell

Answer 57

CN I

Question 58

Deficit in the Five Senses visual acuity, pupillary constriction, and extraocular movement

Answer 58

CN II, III, IV, and VI –

Question 59

Deficit in the Five Senses – taste

Answer 59

CN VII and IX

Question 60

Deficit in the Five Senses – hearing

Answer 60

CN VIII

Question 61

Deficit in the Five Senses – somatic sensations

Answer 61

CN V and dermatomes