Integumentary 2 Flashcards Preview

Anatomy (CAM101) > Integumentary 2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Integumentary 2 Deck (25)
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1
Q

What are the two dermis layers and what are they made of?

A
Papillary layer (loose CT) 
Reticular layer (dense irregular CT)
2
Q

What is the function of the dermis?

A

To provide strength (collagen fibres), support and flexibility (elastic fibres) to the epidermis

3
Q

What structures are in the dermis layer?

A

Sebaceous glands, sweat glands

Hair + follicles, nerve fibres and sensory receptors, blood vessels

4
Q

Describe the hypodermis layer

A

it is not part of the skin, but part of the integumentary system. Is it composed of dense irregular CT and adipose tissue

5
Q

What are the 4 sensory innervations?

A

Free nerve endings,
Merkle Cells
Meissner’s Corpsucle
Pacinian corpsucle

6
Q

Describe free nerve endings

A

Free nerve endings are located in the epidermis and dermis. It is responsible for pain and temperature

7
Q

Describe Merkle cells

A

Merkle cells are located in the stratum basale. They are responsible for soft touch

8
Q

Describe meissner’s corpuscles

A

They are located in the papillary dermis. Responsible for touch

9
Q

Describe pacinian corpuscle’s

A

Located in the reticular dermis. Responsible for vibration and pressure

10
Q

What are the 4 appendages for skin?

A
  1. Hair + follicle
  2. Sebaceous gland
  3. Nails
  4. Sweat glands (apocrine and eecrine)
11
Q

What makes up the pilosebaceous apparatus?

A

Hair (and follicle) and sebaceous glands

12
Q

What is the hair shaft made of?

A
  1. Cuticle
  2. Cortex
  3. Medulla
13
Q

What else does hair contain?

A

Hair bulb, arrector pili muscle, sebaceous gland. Melanocytes

14
Q

Describe the ‘hardness’ of keratin

A

The level of sulfur determines the hardness of keratin. Nails have high lives of sulfur and are hard in comparison to hair (soft).

15
Q

What are the 3 skin glands?

A
  1. Sebaceous gland
  2. Eecrine Sweat gland
  3. Apocrine sweat gland
16
Q

Describe the sebaceous gland

A

Sebaceous glands secrete sebrum (viscous) and may make the area infected (acne). They open up the skin via a hair follicle. They are holocrine glands. It is controlled by ANS and sex hormones. It also keeps the skin soft

17
Q

Describe eccrine sweat glands

A

Open to the skin via a duct. Merocrine secretion. Controlled by the ANS. The secretory portion contain dark (proteinaceous), clear (watery) and myoepithelial (contractile) cells. While the duct portion is stratified cuboidal epithelium. THERMOREGULATORY and EMOTIONAL SWEAT

18
Q

Describe apocrine sweat glands

A

Apocrine sweat glands relate to thin skin. They open to the skin via a hair follicle and are controlled by the ANS and sex hormones. only EMOTIONAL sweat (body odour)

19
Q

What are the primary functions of the integumentary system?

A

Blood reservoir, vitamin D synthesis, absorption and excretion, protection, sensory innervations, body temp regulation

20
Q

Gives examples of protection from external environment

A

Acidic pH, cell junctions, glycolipids (lamellar bodies), sebrum, melanin, langerhans cells (immune system)

21
Q

Give examples of sensory innervations

A

free nerve endings, merkle cells, meissner’s corpuscles and pacinian corpuscles

22
Q

Give examples of body temperature regulation

A

sweating, hair and ‘goose bumps’

23
Q

Give examples of blood reservoir

A

blood can be taken from skin to other places

24
Q

Give examples of secretion and absorption

A

Drugs and soluble vitamins (D, E, A and K) can be absorbed and amounts of water, CO2 is secreted through sweat

25
Q

Describe vitamin D synthesis

A

UV activates pre-cursors that are modified (by enzymes) in the liver to form calcitriol. Calcitriol is the most active form of V D. Hence, calcitroil enables uptake of calcium. Insufficient calcium may result in nerve and muscle activity.