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hosa flashcards personal > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

sebum that lubricates the skin and discourages bacteria growth on the skin

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2
Q

Keratin

A

fibrous, water-repellent protein

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3
Q

Melanocytes

A

melanin cells

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4
Q

Collagen

A

fixable, fibrous protein material found in the skin and bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

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5
Q

Mast cells

A

found in the connective tissue of the dermis, respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances, including heparin and histamine

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6
Q

Arrector pili

A

tiny muscle fibres attached to the hair follicles that cause hair to erect

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7
Q

Ungus

A

fingernail/toenail

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8
Q

Acne Vulgaris

A

acne; chronic inflammatory disease characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin caused by overproduction of sebum around hair shaft

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9
Q

Comedo

A

Non infected lesion formed by buildup of sebum and keratin

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10
Q

Sebaceous Cyst

A

Closed sac with sebaceous gland that’s found just under the skin

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11
Q

Seborrhea

A

Overactivity of sebaceous glands that result in overproduction of sebum

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12
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis

A

inflammation caused by seborrhoea that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of skin or scalp

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13
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis

A

Benign skin growth that appears waxy, these growths can vary in colour

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14
Q

Anhidrosis

A

Abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat

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15
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Profuse sweating, normal condition when brought on by heat or exertion

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16
Q

Heat rash

A

Intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands by bacteria and dead skin cells

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17
Q

Hyperhidrosis

A

Condition of excessive sweating in one area or all over the body; can also occur during sleep

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18
Q

Follictilitis

A

Hair follicle inflammation

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19
Q

Trichomycosis axillaris

A

Infection of hair shafts in the armpit

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20
Q

Hirustism

A

Presence of excessive body and facial hair in women

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21
Q

Alopecia

A

Partial or complete loss of hair

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22
Q

Clubbing

A

Abnormal curving of nails; can be caused by pulmonary or coronary disease/can be hereditary

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23
Q

Koilonychia

A

Malformation of the nails where the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon; indication of iron-deficient anemia

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24
Q

Onychia

A

Inflammation of the matrix of the nail resulting in the loss of the nail

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25
Q

Onychocryptosis

A

Ingrown toenail usually on the big toe, grows inwards and cuts the skin

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26
Q

Onychomycosis

A

Fungal infection of the nail, depending on the type of fungus involved

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27
Q

Onychophagia

A

Nail biting/cutting

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28
Q

Paronychia

A

Acute/Chronic infection of skin folds around a nail

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29
Q

Age spots

A

Solar lentigines/liver spots; discolouration caused by sun exposure

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30
Q

Albinism

A

Genetic condition caused by deficiency of pigment; missing enzyme that is needed for melanin production

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31
Q

Chloasma

A

Melasma/Mask of pregnancy is a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face

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32
Q

Vitiligo

A

Skin condition resulting from the destruction of melanocytes due to unknown causes

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33
Q

Contusion

A

Injury to underlying tissues without breaking the skin; characterized by discolouration and pain, caused by accumulation of blood within the skin

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34
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Bruise

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35
Q

Purpura

A

Multiple purple discolourations

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36
Q

Petechiae

A

Very small, pinpoint hemorrhages, result from high fevers

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37
Q

Crust

A

Scab (Collection of dried serum and cellular debris)

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38
Q

Erosion

A

Wearing away of surface

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39
Q

Macule

A

Discoloured Flat spot

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40
Q

Nodule

A

Solid, raised skin lesion

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41
Q

Papule

A

Small, raised red lesion

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42
Q

Plaque

A

Scaly, solid raised area

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43
Q

Scales

A

Flakes or dry patches

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44
Q

Verrucae

A

Small warts

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45
Q

Plantar Warts

A

Verrucae on the foot

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46
Q

Wheal

A

Welt; small itchy bump

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47
Q

Abscess

A

Closed pocket with pus

48
Q

Purulent

A

Producing or containing pus

49
Q

Exudate

A

Fluid; such as pus that leaks out of an infected wound

50
Q

Cyst

A

Abnormal sac with gas, fluid, or semisolid material

51
Q

Birthmarks

A

Pigmented: includes nevi, also known as moles, stork bites; irregularities in skin colour
Vascular: Caused by blood vessels close to the skin’s surface
Capillary Hemangioma: Strawberry Birthmark
Port-Wine: Flat vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood capillaries

52
Q

Types of Dermatitis

A

Contact: localized allergic response caused by contact to an irritant
Eczema: Persistent or reoccurring dermatitis
Exfoliative: Widespread scaling of the skin

53
Q

Erythema + Types

A

Redness of the skin due to capillary dilation
Infectiosum: Mildly contagious viral infection
Multiforme: Skin disorder from generalized allergic reactions
Pernio: Purple-Red inflammation
Sunburn: Skin cells are damaged by exposure to UV rays

54
Q

Erythoderma

A

Abnormal redness of the skin

55
Q

Exanthem

A

Widespread rash; usually in children

56
Q

Dermatosis

A

Skin lesions or eruptions not associated with inflammation

57
Q

Ichthyosis

A

Hereditary disorders characterized by dry, thickened and scaly skin

58
Q

Lipedema

A

Painful fat syndrome, chronic abnormal condition that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid under the tissues

59
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A

Lupus; autoimmune disorder with a red scaly rash on the face and upper trunk, attacks connective tissue such as the joints

60
Q

Psoraisis

A

Common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups where red papule covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks

61
Q

Rosacea

A

Adult acne; tiny red pimples and broken blood vessels

62
Q

Rhinophyma

A

Bulbous nose; hyperplasia of tissues of the nose

63
Q

Sclerderma

A

Autoimmune disorder where the connective tissues become thickened and hardened

64
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives; itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction

65
Q

Carbuncle

A

Cluster of connected furuncles

66
Q

Celluitis

A

Acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection in connective tissues

67
Q

Furuncles

A

Boils; large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection

68
Q

Gangrene

A

Tissue necrosis; lack of circulation to affected areas

69
Q

Impetigo

A

Highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in children

70
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A

Severe infection caused by Group A Strep Bacteria

71
Q

Pyoderma

A

Acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infections

72
Q

Mycosis

A

Abnormal condition caused by a fungus

73
Q

Tinea

A

Fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, and nails; also known as ringworm

74
Q

Types of Tinea

A

Capitis: scalp of children
Corporsis: on skin
Cruris: genital region
Pedis: Athelete’s Foot, btwn toes
Versicolour, fungal infection causing painless discoloured areas

75
Q

Infestation

A

Dwelling of microscopic parasites on external surface tissue

76
Q

Pediculosis

A

Infestation with lice
Capitis: head
Corporis: Body
Pubis: Pubic hair and pubic region

77
Q

Scabies

A

Skin infection caused by infestation of itch mites

78
Q

Callus

A

Thickening part of the skin on hands or feet

79
Q

Cicatrix

A

Normal scar from wound healing

80
Q

Granulation tissue

A

Tissue that normally forms during wound healing; tissue forms the scar

81
Q

Granuloma

A

Small, knot-like swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis

82
Q

Keloid

A

Abnormally raised or thickened scar

83
Q

Keratosis

A

Skin growth (wart, callus) where there is overgrowth and thickening

84
Q

Lipoma

A

Benign, slow growing fatty tumour

85
Q

Nevus

A

Mole; small, dark, skin growth

86
Q

Dysplastic Nevi

A

Atypical moles; can become skin cancer

87
Q

Papiloma

A

Benign, superficial wart-like growth on epithelial tissue or somewhere else

88
Q

Polyp

A

Mushroom like growth from surface of a mucous membrane

89
Q

Skin tags

A

small, flesh-coloured or light-brown polyps

90
Q

Actinic Keratosis

A

Precancerous skin growth occurs on sun-damaged skin

91
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Malignant tumour on basal cell layer of epidermis

92
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

originates as a malignant tumour of scaly squamous cells of epithelium

93
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A

Melanoma: type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes, most serious skin cancer

94
Q

Biopsy + Types

A

Removal of tissue for examination
Incisional: piece, but not all of lesion is removed
Excisional: Entire lesion and margin of surrounding tissue are removed
Needle: Hollow needle removes a core of tissue

95
Q

Exfoliative Cytology

A

Technique where cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope

96
Q

Cauterization

A

Destruction of tissue from burning

97
Q

Chemabrasian

A

Chemical peel; using chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin

98
Q

Cryosurgery

A

Destruction of elimination of abnormal tissue cells

99
Q

Curettage

A

Removal of material from the surface via scraping

100
Q

Debridement

A

Removal or dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris to prevent infection

101
Q

Dermabrasion

A

Abrasion using a revolving wire to remove acne and chickenpox scars

102
Q

Electrodesiccation

A

Surgical technique where tissue is destroyed using an electrical spark

103
Q

Incision

A

Cut made with a surgical instrument

104
Q

Moh’s Surgery

A

Technique to treat skin cancer; individual layers of cancerous tissue and removed and examined until a margin of clean tissue is achieved

105
Q

Retinoids + Types

A

Class of chemical compounds from Vit A, used in skin care and treatment because of their effect on epithelial cell growth
Isotretinoin: acetone, taken orally
Tretinoin: Active ingredient in Retin-A and Renova, to treat sun-damaged skin, acne, and wrinkles

106
Q

Topical Steroids

A

Treatment of skin disorder and diseases

107
Q

Blepharoplasty

A

Lid lift; surgical reduction of upper and lower eyelids by removing saggy skin

108
Q

Botox

A

Formulation of botulinum toxin that temporarily blocks nerve signals to reduce frown lines btwn eyebrows

109
Q

Collagen Replacement Therapy

A

Soft tissue augmentation used to soften facial lines, or scars to make lips appear fuller

110
Q

Dermoplasty

A

Skin graft; replacement of damaged skin with healthy tissue taken from a donor site on the patient’s body

111
Q

Electrolysis

A

Using an electric current to destroy hair follicles

112
Q

Lipectomy

A

Surgical removal of fat

113
Q

Liposuction

A

Surgical removal of fat beneath the skin with the aid of suction

114
Q

Liposuction

A

Surgical removal of fat beneath the skin with the aid of suction

115
Q

Rhytidectomy

A

Facelift: surgical removal of excess skin and fat to eliminate wrinkles

116
Q

Sclerotherapy

A

Treatment of spider veins by injecting a saline sclerosing solution into the veins, causing the veins to collapse and disappear

hosa flashcards personal (12 decks)

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