muscular system Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
myofascial
A
pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia
2
Q
abduction
A
movement of a limb away from the midline
3
Q
flexion
A
bending limb at a joint
4
Q
circumduction
A
circular movement at the far end of a limb
5
Q
suspination
A
turning limb so that the palm/sole is turned forward/upward
6
Q
pronation
A
turning limb so that palm/sole is turned downward
7
Q
dorsiflexion
A
bending foot upward at ankle
8
Q
rectus
A
straight alignment with vertical axis of the body
9
Q
biceps brachii is formed in
triceps brachii is formed in
A
2 divisions
3 divisions
10
Q
frontalis muscle
A
in forehead; raises and lowers eyebrows
11
Q
temporalis
A
moves jaw up and down
12
Q
masseter
A
moves jaw up and down
13
Q
external and internal obliques
A
twist the abdomen and rotate torso and spine
14
Q
transverse abdominis
A
side of abdomen; involved in pulsation when laughing or coughing
15
Q
rectus femoris
A
extends leg at the knee
16
Q
gastrocnemius
A
calf muscle that flexes the knee
17
Q
fasciitis
A
inflammation of a fascia
18
Q
fibromyalgia syndrome
A
debilitating chronic conditions characterized by fatigue
19
Q
tenosynovitis
A
inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon
20
Q
tendinitis
A
inflammation of the tendon from excessive or unusual joint movement
21
Q
atrophy
A
weakness/wearing away of body tissue and structures
22
Q
myalgia
A
pain in muscles
23
Q
myocele
A
hernia in muscles caused by a tear
24
Q
hernia
A
profusion of part of a structure containing tissue
25
myolosis
degeneration of muscle tissue
26
myorrhexis
rupture or tearing of muscles
27
polymyositis
simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
28
sarcopenia
loss of muscle mass, strength, function because of aging
29
atonic
lacking normal tone or strength
30
dystonia
abnormal muscle tone causing impairment
31
hypotonia
diminished tone of skeletal muscles
32
ataxia
lack of muscle coordination
33
contracture
permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, etc.
34
intermittent claudication
pain in leg muscles from exercise
35
spasm
sudden involuntary muscle contraction
36
cramp
painful localized muscle spasm
37
spasmodic torticollis
stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of neck muscles
38
Bradykinesia
extreme slowness in movement
39
dyskinesia
impairment of movement
40
hyperkinesia
abnormally increased muscle function/activity
41
nocturnal myoclonus
involuntary jerking of muscles at night
42
singultus
myoclonus (jerking of muscles) of diaphragm causing hiccups
43
myasthenia gravis
chronic autoimmune disease producing weak muscles from the neuromuscular junction
44
muscular dystrophy
collection of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles controlling muscles, without affecting the nervous system
45
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
most common form of muscular dystrophy; affects boys aged from 3-5 years and progresses rapidly
46
Becker muscular dystrophy
similar but less severe than duchenne muscular dystrophy
47
compartment syndrome
involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling
48
myofascial pain syndrome
chronic pain disorders affecting muscles and fascia throughout the body
trigger points are tender areas that develop when the fascia comes in contact with a muscle
49
rotator cuff injuries
impingement syndrome: when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the shoulder and joint bones
rotator cuff tendinitis- inflammation of tendons of the rotator cuff may lead to ruptured rotator cuff
50
carpal tunnel syndrome
inflamed and swollen muscles around the wrist
can be cured with a surgical enlargement of the wrist or cutting the wrist ligament to relive pressure
51
ganglion cyst
harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
52
epicondylitis
inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
53
heel spur
calcium deposit in that plantar fascia near the attachment to the calcaneus bone that can cause plantar fasciitis
54
sprain vs strain
injury to a joint when a ligament is wrenched/torn = SPRAIN
STRAIN= injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon
55
Shin splint
painful condition caused by the tibalis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia
56
Achilles tendinitis
painful inflammation of the achilles tendon caused by excessive stress
57
iliotibial band syndrome
overuse injury of the ilotibial band rubbing against bone
58
incomplete injury
complete injury
some function below the level of injury
complete loss of sensation and muscle control
59
paralysis
loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements
60
myoparesis
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
61
hemiparesis
slight paralysis affecting one side of the body
62
hemiplegia
total paralysis affecting one side of the body
63
paraplegia
paralysis of the lower extremities and body
64
quadriplegia
paralysis of all limbs
65
cardioplegia
paralysis of heart muscle
66
deep tendon reflexes
EMG
muscle biopsy
using a hammer to strike a tendon
measures electrical activity within muscle fibres (in response to nerve stimulation)
removal of a plug of tissue for examination
67
antispasmodic
administered to surpress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine or bladder
68
neuromuscular blocker
drug causing temporary paralysis by blocking nerve stimuli transmission
69
myofascial release
specialized soft tissue manipulation techniques used to ease fibromyalgia syndrome pain, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, etc.
70
occupational therapy
activity to promote recovery and rehab to perform activities of daily living
71
physical therapy
restore function and treat muscle injury with heat, massage, etc.
72
therapeutic ultrasound
treating muscle injuries by generating heat (high-frequency sound waves) deep within tissue
73
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
using a device that delivers electrical impulses through the skin
74
fasciotomy
surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension and pressure
75
fascioplasty
surgical repair of fascia
76
tenodesis
surgical suturing of the end of tendon to a bone
77
tenolysis
release of a tendon from adhesions
78
tenorrhapy
surgical suturing together of a tendons divided ends
79
myorrhaphy
surgical suturing a muscle
80
myotomy
surgical incision into a muscle
