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muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

myofascial

A

pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

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2
Q

abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the midline

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3
Q

flexion

A

bending limb at a joint

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4
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement at the far end of a limb

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5
Q

suspination

A

turning limb so that the palm/sole is turned forward/upward

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6
Q

pronation

A

turning limb so that palm/sole is turned downward

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7
Q

dorsiflexion

A

bending foot upward at ankle

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8
Q

rectus

A

straight alignment with vertical axis of the body

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9
Q

biceps brachii is formed in
triceps brachii is formed in

A

2 divisions
3 divisions

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10
Q

frontalis muscle

A

in forehead; raises and lowers eyebrows

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11
Q

temporalis

A

moves jaw up and down

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12
Q

masseter

A

moves jaw up and down

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13
Q

external and internal obliques

A

twist the abdomen and rotate torso and spine

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14
Q

transverse abdominis

A

side of abdomen; involved in pulsation when laughing or coughing

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15
Q

rectus femoris

A

extends leg at the knee

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16
Q

gastrocnemius

A

calf muscle that flexes the knee

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17
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of a fascia

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18
Q

fibromyalgia syndrome

A

debilitating chronic conditions characterized by fatigue

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19
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

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20
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of the tendon from excessive or unusual joint movement

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21
Q

atrophy

A

weakness/wearing away of body tissue and structures

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22
Q

myalgia

A

pain in muscles

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23
Q

myocele

A

hernia in muscles caused by a tear

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24
Q

hernia

A

profusion of part of a structure containing tissue

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25
Q

myolosis

A

degeneration of muscle tissue

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26
Q

myorrhexis

A

rupture or tearing of muscles

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27
Q

polymyositis

A

simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

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28
Q

sarcopenia

A

loss of muscle mass, strength, function because of aging

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29
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal tone or strength

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30
Q

dystonia

A

abnormal muscle tone causing impairment

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31
Q

hypotonia

A

diminished tone of skeletal muscles

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32
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination

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33
Q

contracture

A

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, etc.

34
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in leg muscles from exercise

35
Q

spasm

A

sudden involuntary muscle contraction

36
Q

cramp

A

painful localized muscle spasm

37
Q

spasmodic torticollis

A

stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of neck muscles

38
Q

Bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness in movement

39
Q

dyskinesia

A

impairment of movement

40
Q

hyperkinesia

A

abnormally increased muscle function/activity

41
Q

nocturnal myoclonus

A

involuntary jerking of muscles at night

42
Q

singultus

A

myoclonus (jerking of muscles) of diaphragm causing hiccups

43
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

chronic autoimmune disease producing weak muscles from the neuromuscular junction

44
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

collection of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles controlling muscles, without affecting the nervous system

45
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

most common form of muscular dystrophy; affects boys aged from 3-5 years and progresses rapidly

46
Q

Becker muscular dystrophy

A

similar but less severe than duchenne muscular dystrophy

47
Q

compartment syndrome

A

involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling

48
Q

myofascial pain syndrome

A

chronic pain disorders affecting muscles and fascia throughout the body
trigger points are tender areas that develop when the fascia comes in contact with a muscle

49
Q

rotator cuff injuries

A

impingement syndrome: when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the shoulder and joint bones

rotator cuff tendinitis- inflammation of tendons of the rotator cuff may lead to ruptured rotator cuff

50
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

inflamed and swollen muscles around the wrist
can be cured with a surgical enlargement of the wrist or cutting the wrist ligament to relive pressure

51
Q

ganglion cyst

A

harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

52
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

53
Q

heel spur

A

calcium deposit in that plantar fascia near the attachment to the calcaneus bone that can cause plantar fasciitis

54
Q

sprain vs strain

A

injury to a joint when a ligament is wrenched/torn = SPRAIN

STRAIN= injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon

55
Q

Shin splint

A

painful condition caused by the tibalis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia

56
Q

Achilles tendinitis

A

painful inflammation of the achilles tendon caused by excessive stress

57
Q

iliotibial band syndrome

A

overuse injury of the ilotibial band rubbing against bone

58
Q

incomplete injury
complete injury

A

some function below the level of injury
complete loss of sensation and muscle control

59
Q

paralysis

A

loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements

60
Q

myoparesis

A

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

61
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis affecting one side of the body

62
Q

hemiplegia

A

total paralysis affecting one side of the body

63
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of the lower extremities and body

64
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all limbs

65
Q

cardioplegia

A

paralysis of heart muscle

66
Q

deep tendon reflexes
EMG
muscle biopsy

A

using a hammer to strike a tendon

measures electrical activity within muscle fibres (in response to nerve stimulation)

removal of a plug of tissue for examination

67
Q

antispasmodic

A

administered to surpress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine or bladder

68
Q

neuromuscular blocker

A

drug causing temporary paralysis by blocking nerve stimuli transmission

69
Q

myofascial release

A

specialized soft tissue manipulation techniques used to ease fibromyalgia syndrome pain, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, etc.

70
Q

occupational therapy

A

activity to promote recovery and rehab to perform activities of daily living

71
Q

physical therapy

A

restore function and treat muscle injury with heat, massage, etc.

72
Q

therapeutic ultrasound

A

treating muscle injuries by generating heat (high-frequency sound waves) deep within tissue

73
Q

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

A

using a device that delivers electrical impulses through the skin

74
Q

fasciotomy

A

surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension and pressure

75
Q

fascioplasty

A

surgical repair of fascia

76
Q

tenodesis

A

surgical suturing of the end of tendon to a bone

77
Q

tenolysis

A

release of a tendon from adhesions

78
Q

tenorrhapy

A

surgical suturing together of a tendons divided ends

79
Q

myorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing a muscle

80
Q

myotomy

A

surgical incision into a muscle

hosa flashcards personal (12 decks)

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