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respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

olfactory receptors

A

nerve endings that act as the receptors for smell and taste

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2
Q

tonsils and adenoids

A

protect the system from from infection coming from the nose or mouth

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3
Q

palatine tonsils

A

located at the back of the mouth

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4
Q

nasopharyngealngeal tonsils

A

higher up, behind the nose and roof of the mouth

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5
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

air filled cavities with mucous membranes

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6
Q

frontal sinus
sphenoid sinus
maxillary sinus
ethmoid sinus

A

frontal: frontal bone in front of the eyebrows
sphenoid: sphenoid bone behind the eyes
maxillary: largest of paranasal sinus, behind the eyes
ethmoid: behind the nose and eyes

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7
Q

nasopharynx

A

transport of air and food into the oropharynx

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8
Q

oropharynx

A

transports air, and food to the laryngopharynx

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9
Q

laryngopharynx

A

air, food, and fluids continue downwards into the opening of the esophagus

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10
Q

surfactant

A

detergent-like substance that reduces surface tension of the fluid in the lungs

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11
Q

mediastinum

A

middle section of the chest cavity

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12
Q

pleura

A

thin, moist, and slippery membrane on the outer surface of the lungs and inner surface of the thoracic cavity

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13
Q

parietal pleura
visceral pleura
pleural cavity

A

pp: outer layer that forms the sac for each lung
vp: inner layer that forms each lung
pc: thin-fluid filled space between parietal and visceral pleura

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14
Q

COPD

A

group of lung diseases where the bronchial airflow is impacted and its hard to breathe

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15
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

disease where the airflows have become inflamed due to an irritant

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16
Q

emphysema

A

long term loss of lung function, progressive caused by a decrease in the number of alveoli

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17
Q

asthma

A

chronic lung disease of the bronchial tubes caused by an allergic reaction typically

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18
Q

URI

A

also the common cold

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19
Q

Allergic rhinitis

A

allergy that causes an allergic reaction

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20
Q

Croup (KROOP)

A

acute respiratory infection in children and infants causing a barking cough

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21
Q

Diphtheria

A

acute bacterial infection of the throat and respiratory tract

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22
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed, caused by dry air, injury, blood clotting, etc.

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23
Q

influenza

A

also known as the flu

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24
Q

pertussis

A

whopping cough

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25
Q

rhinorrhea

A

runny nose

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26
Q

sinusitis

A

sinus inflammation

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27
Q

laryngospasm

A

sudden spasm of the larynx

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28
Q

aphonia

A

loss of the ability of the larynx to produce sound

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29
Q

dysphonia

A

difficulty in speaking, causing impairment in vocal quality

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30
Q

tracheorrhagia

A

bleeds from the mucous membrane of the trachea

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31
Q

bronchiectasis

A

permanent dilation of the bronchi

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32
Q

bronchorrhea

A

discharge of mucus from the bronchi

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33
Q

pleurodynia

A

sharp pain when inflamed membranes rub against each other

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34
Q

pleural effusion

A

excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

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35
Q

pyothorax

A

empyema of the pleural cavity

36
Q

empyema

A

collection of pus in a cavity

37
Q

hemothorax

A

collection of blood in the pleural cavity

38
Q

pneumothorax

A

accumulation of air in the pleural space causing an imbalance of air causing the lungs to collapse

39
Q

ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)

A

lung condition caused by trauma pneumonia

40
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

41
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blockage of a pulmonary artery

42
Q

pneumorrhagia

A

lung bleeding

43
Q

tuberclosis
pneumonia
cystic fibrosis
lung cancer

A

tuber: infectious bacterial disease that attacks the lungs

pneu: lung inflammation

cystic fibrosis: thick mucus in lungs

lung cancer: cancer cells in lung tissue

44
Q

apnea

A

temporary absence of respiration (common in premature infants)

45
Q

bradypnea

A

slow rate of respiration (abnormally slow)

46
Q

cheyne-stokes respiration

A

irregular breathing pattern characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration

47
Q

tachypnea

A

fast respiration, more than 20 per min

48
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

49
Q

hyperventilation

A

extremely fast rate of breathing to decrease the level of co2

50
Q

sleep apnea

A

breathing stops and decreases o2 levels considerably in sleep

51
Q

expectoration

A

coughing up and spitting up salvia, mucus, or other bodily fluids

52
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood or blood strained sputum (saliva+mucus)

53
Q

airway obstruction

A

choking, partial or complete blockage of the lungs

54
Q

anoxia

A

absence of o2 from the body tissue and organs even with an adequate blood flow

55
Q

hypoxia

A

condition of having deficient o2 in the tissues and organs, less severe than anoxia

56
Q

asphyxia

A

loss of consciousness when o2 levels are low

57
Q

hypercapnia

A

abnormal build-up of co2 levels in the blood

58
Q

hypoxemia

A

low o2 levels in blood caused by heart and respiratory conditions

59
Q

respiratory failure

A

respiratory acidosis, where the level of o2 in the blood becomes very low or co2 becomes very high

60
Q

smoke inhalation

A

damage to the lungs when particles from a fire coat the alveoli and prevent gas exchange

61
Q

peak flow meter

A

device to measure air flowing out of the lungs for asthma patients

62
Q

polysomnography

A

also known as a sleep study, measures physiological activity during sleep and can detect nocturnal defects in breathing

63
Q

pulmonary function tests

A

group of tests that measure volume and airflow using a spiorometer

64
Q

pulse oximeter

A

external monitor placed on the patients fingertip or earlobe to measure the o2 sat in the blood

65
Q

sputum cytology

A

procedure when a sample of mucus is coughed from the lungs and examined for cancer

66
Q

antitussive

A

cough medicine

67
Q

bronchodilator

  • short-acting
    -long acting
A

medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages

  • reduce medication: short acting

long acting: used everyday to control the condition

68
Q

metered dose inhaler

A

administers a specific amount of medication such as a bronchodilator in air form

69
Q

nebulizer

A

electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist

70
Q

controller medicines

A

long-acting medications taken daily to prevent attacks by helping control inflammation

71
Q

quick-relief medicines

A

taken at the first sign of an attack to dilate the airways

72
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

passage of a tube through the mouth into trachea to make/maintain an opening

73
Q

functional endoscopic sinus surgery

A

procedure performed using an endoscope where chronic sinusitis Is treated

74
Q

laryncgectomy

A

surgical removal of the larynx

75
Q

laryngotomy

A

surgical incision into the larynx

76
Q

septoplasty

A

surgical repair or altercation of the nasal septum

77
Q

tracheostomy

A

surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea to create a tube

78
Q

tracheotomy

A

procedure which an incision is made into the trachea

79
Q

wedge resection

A

surgery where a small piece of cancerous lung tissue is removed

80
Q

throacentesis

A

surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity to let fluid escape

81
Q

VATS

A

Use of a throacoscope to view the inside of the pleural cavity

82
Q

diaphragmatic breathing

A

abdominal breathing, relaxation technique used to relive anxiety

83
Q

CPAP machine

A

noninvasive ventilation device used to treat sleep apnea

84
Q

BiPAP machine

A

similar to a CPAP machine but can be set at a higher pressure for inhaling and a lower pressure for exhaling

85
Q

ambu bag

A

emergency recusciator used to assist ventilation

86
Q

ventilator

A

mechanical device for artificial respiration that replaces a patients natural breathing function

87
Q

supplementary oxygen

A

administered when the patient is unable to maintain an adequate o2 sat level in the blood from breathing normal air

hosa flashcards personal (12 decks)

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