Integumentary System Flashcards by Vanessa Alvarenga

What are the two major parts of the integumentary system?

Cutaneous membrane (skin)
Accessory structures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What two parts make up the cutaneous membrane?

Outer epidermis
Inner dermis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What three parts make up the accessory structures?

Hair and hair follicles
Exocrine glands
Nails

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ____________

Hypodermis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the first FIVE functions of the integument?

Protection of underlying tissues and organs
Excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes
Maintenance of normal body temperature
Production of melanin
Production of keratin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the last FOUR functions of the integument?

Synthesis of vitamin D3
Storage of lipids
Detection of touch, pressure, pain, etc.
Coordination of the immune response

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of epithelial tissue is the epidermis?

Stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the orientation for all epithelial tissue?

Basal membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the body’s most abundant epithelial cells?

Keratinocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thin skin has how many layers of keratinocytes?

Four layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thick skin has how many layers of keratinocytes?

Five layers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the five layers of keratinocytes in thick skin?

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Out of the five layers (strata) of keratinocytes, which one is the deepest?

Stratum basale

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Out of the five layers (strata) of keratinocytes, which one is the most superficial?

Stratum corneum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which stratum (layer) has multiple layers of flattened, dead, interlocking keratinocytes and is water resistant?

Stratum corneum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which stratum (layer) has keratinocytes which produces keratin and is where cells die?

Stratum granulosum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which stratum (layer) is attached to the basement membrane and contains basal cells and melanocytes?

Stratum basale

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stratum _______ contains epidermal ridges and has many basal cells

Basale

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_______________ in the stratum basale contains the pigment melanin

Melanocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The division of cells in the stratum basale leads to the creation of what layer?

Stratum spinosum

Cells of the stratum spinosum produces what layer where most cells stop dividing and produce keratin?

Stratum granulosum

There is a range of how many layers of keratinized cells in the stratum corneum?

15-30 layers

How many days does it take for new cells to move from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum?

7 to 10 days

What are the two ways in which water is lost from skin?

Insensible perspiration
Sensible perspiration

What happens in insensible perspiration?

Water diffuses across stratum corneum and evaporates from skin

What happens to the rate of evaporation if the stratum corneum is damaged?

Rate increases

What happens in sensible perspiration?

Water is excreted by sweat glands

The dermis anchors ______________________________

Epidermal accessory structures

When it comes to dermal strength and elasticity, _________ fibers can resist stretching and limit flexibility

Collagen

_________ fibers permit stretching and then recoil

Elastic

Fibers and water provide flexibility and resilience known as _________________

Skin turgor

Parallel bundles of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis produce ____________________

Tension lines

The subcutaneous layer consists primarily of _________ tissue

Adipose

Skin color is influenced by what two pigments in the epidermis?

Melanin and Carotene

______(1)______ is a red-yellow or brown-black pigment, is produced by ______(2)_______, and protects from ____(3)____ radiation

1) melanin 2) melanocytes 3) UV

______(1)_____ is an orange-yellow pigment and can be converted to vitamin ____(2)____

1) Carotene 2) A

Vitamin A in carotene is required for the maintenance of _______(1)_______ and for the synthesis of ____________(2)______________ in ______(3)_______

1) epithelia 2) photoreceptor pigments 3) eye

Hair is located in the _________ but projects to the skin surface

Dermis

What are the three functions of hair?

- Protect and insulate - Guard openings from particles & insects - Serve as sensory receptors

What are the three functions of sebaceous glands?

- Discharge lipid secretion (sebum) into hair follicles - Lubricates and protects hair shaft - Inhibits growth of bacteria

What are the two types of sweat glands?

- Apocrine sweat glands - Eccrine sweat glands

What glands produce milk?

Mammary glands

What glands produce cerumen (earwax)?

Ceruminous glands

When repairing the integument, what cells trigger an inflammatory response?

Mast cells

What stabilizes and protects the damaged area of the integument?

Scab (dried blood clot)

What cleans the damaged area of the integument?

Macrophages

Fibroblasts and endothelial cells divide, producing _____________________

Granulation tissue

What are the four phases in repairing an injury to the integument?

- Inflammation - Migration - Proliferation - Scarring

Once noncellular scar tissue is is produced, a raised _________ may form

Keloid