Tissue Level of Organization

Question 1

What are the four types of tissue?

Answer 1

• Epithelial
• Connective
• Muscle
• Nervous

Question 2

The epithelia are a layer of cells that covers _________________________

Answer 2

internal or external surfaces

Question 3

Glands are structures that produce _________________

Answer 3

fluid secretions

Question 4

What are the four functions of the epithelial tissue?

Answer 4

• Provide physical protection
• Control permeability
• Provide sensation
• Produce specialized secretions

Question 5

What are the five characteristics of epithelia?

Answer 5

• Polarity
• Cellularity
• Attachment
• Avascularity
• Regeneration

Question 6

What are the three specializations of epithelial cells?

Answer 6

• Protection
• Permeability
• Protection and messaging

Question 7

How is the integrity of epithelia maintained? (3 ways)

Answer 7

• Intercellular connections
• Attachment to basement membrane
• Epithelial maintenance and repair

Question 8

What are the three types of cell junctions?

Answer 8

• Gap junctions
• Tight junctions
• Desmosomes

Question 9

When classifying epithelia, what are the three shape types?

Answer 9

• Squamous
• Cuboidal
• Columnar

Question 10

When classifying epithelia, what are the two layer types?

Answer 10

• Simple (single layer)
• Stratified (several layers)

Question 11

The mouth and anus are ___________(1)____________. Everything else in the middle of the body are ________(2)_________.

Answer 11

1) Squamous epithelia
2) Columnar epithelia

Question 12

________________ forms the inner lining of heart and blood vessels

Answer 12

Endothelium

Question 13

____________ squamous epithelia protects against mechanical stresses as keratin adds strength and water resistance

Answer 13

Stratified

Question 14

Simple Squamous Epithelium are located in which two places?

Answer 14

• Endothelia lining heart
• Blood vessels

Question 15

What are the locations of Stratified Squamous Epithelium? What is its major function?

Answer 15

Locations:
- skin
- lining of mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus
Function:
- protection against abrasion

Question 16

What is the major function of simple cuboidal epithelia?

Answer 16

Secretion and absorption

Question 17

What are the locations and functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 17

Locations:
- Kidney tubules
- Thyroid gland
Functions:
- Secretion, absorption

Question 18

Transitional epithelia can be found in which human organ?

Answer 18

Urinary bladder

Question 19

Transitional epithelia can tolerate repeated cycles of ____________ without damage

Answer 19

Stretching

Question 20

Columnar epithelia are located in which three human organs?

Answer 20

• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large intestine

Question 21

Endocrine or Exocrine glands: which one releases hormones into the bloodstream?

Answer 21

Endocrine

Question 22

Endocrine or Exocrine glands: which one discharges secretions through ducts onto epithelial surfaces?

Answer 22

Exocrine

Question 23

What are the three purposes of connective tissues?

Answer 23

• Provide strength and stability
• Maintain positions of internal organs
• Provide routes for blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

Question 24

What are the three components of connective tissues?

Answer 24

• Specialized cells
• Fibers
• Ground substance

Question 25

What two components of connective tissues make up the matrix?

Answer 25

Fibers and ground substance

Question 26

________ is the connective tissue layers and wrappings that support and surround organs

Answer 26

Fasciae

Question 27

What are the five functions of connective tissues?

Answer 27

- Structural framework - Transportation - Protection - Storing energy reserves - Defending the body

Question 28

What are the three categories of connective tissues?

Answer 28

- Connective tissue proper - Fluid connective tissues - Supporting connective tissues

Question 29

What are the three types of connective tissue fibers?

Answer 29

- Collagen fibers - Reticular fibers - Elastic fibers

Question 30

Collagen, Reticular, or Elastic: which fibers can resist forces in one direction?

Answer 30

Collagen

Question 31

Collagen, Reticular, or Elastic: which fibers can resist forces in many directions?

Answer 31

Reticular

Question 32

Collagen, Reticular, or Elastic: which fibers can return to their original length after stretching?

Answer 32

Elastic

Question 33

____________ provides shock absorption and protection

Answer 33

Cartilage

Question 34

Elastic or Hyaline cartilage: which one reduces friction between bones?

Answer 34

Hyaline

Question 34

Elastic or Hyaline cartilage: which one is supportive but bends easily?

Answer 34

Elastic

Question 35

Where can you find hyaline cartilage?

Answer 35

Synovial joints, rib tips, sternum, and trachea

Question 37

Where can you find elastic cartilage?

Answer 37

Ear and epiglottis

Question 38

Where can you find fibrocartilage?

Answer 38

Between pubic bones and between spinal vertebrae

Question 39

What allows bones to resist shattering?

Answer 39

Flexible collagen fibers

Question 40

______________ (bone cells) lie in lacunae

Answer 40

Osteocytes

Question 41

_________ membranes are epithelium supported by connective tissue

Answer 41

Tissue

Question 42

__________ membranes line passageways that have external connections

Answer 42

Mucous

Question 43

__________ membranes line cavities that do not open to the outside

Answer 43

Serous

Question 44

The ________ portion of the serous membranes lines the inner surface of cavity

Answer 44

Parietal

Question 45

The _________ portion of the serous membranes covers the organs

Answer 45

Visceral

Question 46

What are the three types of serous membranes?

Answer 46

- Peritoneum - Pleura - Pericardium

Question 47

Peritoneum covers ________

Answer 47

Organs

Question 48

Pleura covers __________

Answer 48

Lungs

Question 49

Pericardium covers __________

Answer 49

Heart

Question 50

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 50

- Skeletal - Cardiac - Smooth

Question 51

What type of tissue is specialized for conducting electrical impulses?

Answer 51

Nervous tissue

Question 52

Tissues respond to injury in what two stages?

Answer 52

Inflammation and Regeneration

Question 52

What 7 actions occur during inflammation?

Answer 52

- Increased Blood Flow - Increased Vessel Permeability - Pain - Increased Local Temperature - Increased Oxygen and Nutrients - Increased Phagocytosis - Removal of Toxins and Waste