integumentary system

Question 1

what endocrine function does the integumentary system serve

Answer 1

vitimin D production

Question 2

what integumentary cell type is this:
undifferentiated and turn into keratinocytes

Answer 2

stem cells

Question 3

where are stem cells found in the integumentary system

Answer 3

deepest layer of the epidermis

Question 4

what integumentary cell type is this:
vast majority of epidermal cells

Answer 4

keratinocytes

Question 5

what integumentary cell type is this:
synthesize melanin

Answer 5

melanocytes

Question 6

what are dendritic cells in the integumentary system

Answer 6

macrophages that gaurd against pathogens

Question 7

where do macrophages in the integumentary system come from

Answer 7

bone marrow

Question 8

what is the order of the 5 strata from top to bottom

Answer 8

corneum
lucidum
granulosum
spinous
basale

Question 9

what layer of the strata has up to 30 dead scaly layers

Answer 9

corneum

Question 10

what layer of the stratum protects against water loss and abrasion

Answer 10

corneum

Question 11

what later of the stratum is only found in thick skin of the hands and feet

Answer 11

lucidum

Question 12

what layer of the stratum contains dark staining keratohylin granules

Answer 12

granulosum

Question 13

how many layers thick is the granulosum

Answer 13

3-5

Question 14

what layer of the stratum is joined by desmosomes and tight junctions

Answer 14

spinosum

Question 15

what layer of the stratum contains dendritic cells

Answer 15

spinosum

Question 16

how many layers is the stratum basale

Answer 16

one

Question 17

what 3 things does the stratum basale contain (besides keratinocytes)

Answer 17

stem cells
melanocytes
tactile cells

Question 18

what layer of the stratum are keratinocytes produced via mitosis

Answer 18

basale

Question 19

how thick is the dermis

Answer 19

.2 - 4 mm

Question 20

what is the dermis mostly composed of

Answer 20

collagen

Question 21

what 6 things can be found in the dermis

Answer 21

blood vessels
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
nerve endings
hair follicles
nail roots

Question 22

what are upward finger like projections of the dermis

Answer 22

dermal papillae

Question 23

what are downward waves of the epidermis

Answer 23

epidermal ridges

Question 24

what is the thin zone of areolar tissue in and near the dermal papillae

Answer 24

papillary layer

Question 25

what layer of the dermis allows for mobility of leukocytes and other defense cells

Answer 25

papillary layer

Question 26

what layer of the dermis is rich in blood vessels

Answer 26

papillary layer

Question 27

what layer of the dermis is dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 27

reticular

Question 28

what layer of the dermis do stretch marks occur in what are they exactly

Answer 28

reticular tears in collagen fibers

Question 29

what layer is below the dermis

Answer 29

subcutaneous

Question 30

what layer is NOT a part of the skin

Answer 30

subcutaneous

Question 31

what is the subcutaneous layer made of

Answer 31

adipose tissue

Question 32

what do melanocytes produce melanin from

Answer 32

melanocytes

Question 33

what amino acid is converted into melanin

Answer 33

tyrosine

Question 34

what melanin is found primarily in darker people

Answer 34

eumalanin

Question 35

what melanin is found primality in lighter people

Answer 35

pheomelanin

Question 36

in what 3 ways are eumalanin different from pheomelanin

Answer 36

breaks down more slowly found more spread out in keratinocytes (not just the nucleus) found in all layers of the dermis

Question 37

where are pheomelanin found (in keratinocytes AND stratum)

Answer 37

in the nucleus stratum basale

Question 38

do dark and light people have the same NUMBER of melanocytes

Answer 38

yes

Question 39

what is blueness due to oxygen deficiency

Answer 39

cyanosis

Question 40

what is redness due to increased blood flow to the skin

Answer 40

erythema

Question 41

what is paleness due to decreased blood flow to the skin

Answer 41

pallor

Question 42

what is yellowing due to bilirubin in the blood

Answer 42

jaundice

Question 43

what organ contributes to jaundice

Answer 43

liver

Question 44

what is the medical term for bruising

Answer 44

hemotoma

Question 45

what is a hematoma

Answer 45

clotted blood under the skin

Question 46

what part of the hair is a core of loosely arranged cells and air spaces

Answer 46

medulla

Question 47

what part of the hair is most of the hair and contains pigment granules

Answer 47

cortex

Question 48

what type of melanin contributes to red hair and blonde hair: brown and black hair:

Answer 48

pheomelanin eumelanin

Question 49

what layer of the hair is multiple layers of very thin cell that overlap each other and direct upward

Answer 49

cuticle

Question 50

what are the 3 hair stages in order and how long do they last

Answer 50

anaagen 6-8 years catagen 2-3 weeks telogen 1-3 months

Question 51

what is the resting phase of hair

Answer 51

telogen

Question 52

what type of hair alerts to sexual maturity and holds in pheromones (2)

Answer 52

pubic and auxiliary

Question 53

what type of gland releases via exocytosis

Answer 53

eccrine

Question 54

what type of gland releases via budding off vesicles

Answer 54

apocrine

Question 55

what type of gland releases via cell division and outward migration

Answer 55

holocrine

Question 56

what type of sweat is fatty and activated at puberty

Answer 56

apocrine

Question 57

what type of sweat is watery

Answer 57

eccrine

Question 58

what type of glands have ducts that lead to hair follicles

Answer 58

apocrine

Question 59

what type of glands are tubular

Answer 59

eccrine

Question 60

what type of sweat gland is most numerous

Answer 60

eccrine

Question 61

what two things do apocine sweat glands respond to

Answer 61

stress and sexual stimulation

Question 62

what is the medical term for body odor

Answer 62

bromhidrosis

Question 63

what type of cells are found in both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands

Answer 63

myoepithelial cells

Question 64

what type of cells contract from the sympathetic nervous system and squeeze perspiration up a duct upon stress

Answer 64

myoepithelial cells

Question 65

who are the only people with mammary glands

Answer 65

pregnant and lactating women

Question 66

what type of glands are modified apocrine sweat glands

Answer 66

mammary glands

Question 67

what type of glands have both an apocrine and eccrine excretion style

Answer 67

mammary glands

Question 68

what excretion style do sebaceous glands have

Answer 68

holocrine

Question 69

what type of glands are flask shaped and open into hair follicles

Answer 69

sebaceous glands