Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

anatomy exam 2 > skeletal system > Flashcards

skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

what type things does the skeletal system balance

A

acid/ base

electrolyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what two things does the skeletal system produce

A

blood

hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is another word for compact bone

A

cancellous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what lines the outside of bones

A

periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what…

lines the internal marrow cavity

covers all the honeycombed surfaces of spongy bone

lines a canal system found throughout the compact bone.

A

endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where is red bone marrow found

A

epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where is yellow bone marrow found

A

diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the epiphysis

A

ends of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the diaphysis

A

shaft of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is articular cartilage

A

caps on the ends of epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what produce osteoblasts and osteocytes

A

osteogenic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what build bone

A

osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are trapped within the matrix and maintain bone tissue

A

osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the projections on osteocytes

what do they do

A

canoluli

communicate with other osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what were osteocytes originally before they became trapped in the matrix

A

osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what “chew up” bone

A

osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what enzyme do osteoclasts release

A

acid proteases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what bone cell releases calcium when doing its job

A

osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what type of bone cell are multinucleate

A

osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do osteocytes imbed themselves in (their capsule)

A

lacuna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

from superficial to deep, what are the 3 layers of the skeletal system (starting with osteoblasts)

A

osteoblasts

osteoid

mineralized bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what protein is mixed in with the skeletal system during early mineralization

A

collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what unit make up compact bone

what shape are they

A

osteons

circular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the bone between the circular osteons

A

interstitial lamellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
what is another word for the osteon system
Haversian system
25
what is the unit the makes up spongey bone
trabeculae
26
how does spongy bone get its nutrients (since its avascular)
red bone marrow
27
is compact bone vascular
yes
28
what type of bone is usually found along areas of physical stress
spongey bone
29
what is practically the only type of bone marrow in children
red
30
-
-
31
what is pre bone tissue called
osteoid tissue
32
where is the primary ossification center of long bone formation in an early cartilage model
in the center of the cartilage model
33
at birth, where is the secondary ossification center
at the ends of the bones, closer to epiphysis
34
what does the epiphysial plate become when long bones are done growing
the epiphysial line
35
in bone lengthening, what are the 5 zones of bone from cartilage to spongey bone
reserve cartilage cell proliferation hypertrophy calcification bone deposition
36
where is the cessation of mitosis in bone lengthening
zone of cell hypertrophy
37
where do osteoblasts originate
under the periosteum
38
how is bone widened
a blood vessel creates a ridge, and the vessel eventually gets engulfed
39
what is the canal called that aids vessels connecting in bone widening
perforating canal
40
after an initial osteon is formed during bone widening, what packs around that to widen the bone even further
circumferential lamella
41
what percent of the skeleton is remodeled throughout the year
10%
42
what are 3 uses of bone remodeling hint: repair ___, release _____, _____ bone in response to use and disuse
repair micro fractures release minerals into blood reshape bone in response to use or disuse
42
what is Wolffs law of bone
bone shape is determined by mechanical stress put upon it
43
what two bone cells are active during bone remodeling
osteoblasts and osteoclasts
44
what tend to grow bigger on bones in response to mechanical stress
boney processes
45
what hormone tones bones by depositing calcium onto them
calcitonin
46
what gland releases calcitonin
thyroid
47
when there is increased calcium in blood, what happens in the kidneys
reabsorption decreases
48
when calcium absorption decreases in the kidneys, what happens to blood calcium levels
it decreases
49
what hormone is released when blood calcium is low
parathyroid hormone
50
how does calcium absorption in the small intestine increase
vitimin D synthesis
51
when calcium levels are low, how do the kidneys play a role
calcium is reabsorbed from urine
52
what is the process in which calcium, phosphate, and other ions are taken from blood and deposited in bone
mineralization
53
what is the process of dissolving bone and releasing minerals into blood
mineral reabsorption
54
where do osteoclasts perform mineral reabsorption
ruffled boarder
55
what hormone is responsible for absorption of calcium by the digestive tract to put into bone
calcitriol
56
what 2 hormones are responsible for the reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys to be put into blood
calcitriol and PTH
57
what hormone is responsible for the deposition of calcium onto bones by osteoblasts
calcitonin
58
what two hormones are responsible for the reabsorption of calcium from bone via osteoclasts to be put back into blood
calitriol PTH
59
what is the most active form of vitimin D
calcitriol
60
what gland releases calcitonin
thyroid gland
61
what cells of the thyroid gland release calcitonin
C cells (clear cells)
62
what hormone may inhibit bone loss in pregnant and lactating women
calcitonin
63
what hormone has a weak effect in adults, but a strong effect in children
calcitonin
64
PTH is released when calcium levels are ____
low
65
what are the 4 ways PTH increases calcium in blood releases _______ from bone reduces _____ absorption by ______ activated ______ absorption in gut inhibits the production of _____ ______
calcium calcium, kidneys vitimin D collagen fibers
66
what hormone raises phosphate levels
calcitriol
67
phosphate in blood is regulated as much as calcium levels true or false
false, theyre regulated much less
68
how does calcitriol raise blood phosphate levels
promotes absorbtion of P by small intestine
69
what hormone lowers blood phosphate levels
PTH
70
how does PTH lower blood P levels
promotes its urinary excretion
71
what type of hormones cause bone growth to stop
anabolic steroids
72
how can HGH stunt growth
you run out of epiphysial plate and it becomes an epiphysial line prematurely
73
2 different hormones affect bone tissue, what are they (besides the ones involved in Ca and P regulation)
estrogen and testosterone
74
what hormone is great at bone growth, but is shorter term
estrogen this explains why girls in elementary school are bigger than boys, but the reverse is true for high school aged children.
75
what is a perpendicular/ butt joint fracture
transverse
76
what is an angled fracture
oblique
77
what is a twisted fracture
spiral
78
what is a fracture that results in more than two peices of bone being broken off
comminuted
79
what is when one epiphysis breaks ooff
avulsion
80
what is a fissure caused by downward pressure called
impacted
81
what is a crack in the middle of a bone called
fissure
82
what is a fracture in a child called when the bone bends slightly
greenstick
83
what are the 4 phases of bone fracture repair
hematoma formation soft callous formation hard callous formation bone remodeling
84
what 6 things make up the axial skeleton
skull vertebrae sternum ribs sacrum hyoid
85
what type of skeleton does the pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle have
appendicular
86
about how many bones does an adult have about how many bones does one have at birth
206 270
87
what bones make the number of bones in someone vary
sesamoid bones
88

anatomy exam 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions