muscle anatomy

Question 1

what takes up 50% of body mass

Answer 1

muscles

Question 2

how much heat do muscles in the body produce

at rest

during exercise

Answer 2

20-30%

85%

Question 3

what is one unexpected function of muscles

Answer 3

glucose control

Question 4

what does rectus mean

Answer 4

straight

Question 5

what does vastus mean

Answer 5

open space

Question 6

what is the very thick facia that separate one muscle compartment from another

Answer 6

inter muscular septa

Question 7

what are sheets of connective tissue below the skin

Answer 7

facia

Question 8

what facia layer surrounds entire muscle spindles/fascicles

Answer 8

PERImysium

Question 9

what facia layer surrounds the entire skeletal muscle

is this thinner or thicker

Answer 9

EPImysium

thinner

Question 10

what is another word for a muscle cell

Answer 10

fiber

Question 11

what is a bundle of muscle fibers called

Answer 11

fascicles

Question 12

what is the facia BETWEEN muscle fibers

Answer 12

ENDOmysium

Question 13

what provides the chemical environment for a muscle cell (holds everything together)

Answer 13

endomysium

Question 14

what skeletal muscles are thick in the middle and taper at the ends

are they strong

Answer 14

fusiform

relatively strong

Question 15

what skeletal muscles are uniform in width and have parallel fascicles to the long axis

are they strong

what’s special about these

Answer 15

parallel

no

they are the majority of muscles in the body

Question 16

what muscles form rings around the body

Answer 16

circular/sphincter

Question 17

what muscles approach a tendon from one side

Answer 17

unipenate

Question 18

what muscles approach a tendon from both sides

Answer 18

bipenate

Question 19

what muscles form feathers the converge to a single point

Answer 19

multipenate

Question 20

muscles _____ on bones

Answer 20

pull

Question 21

what manner of bone pulling has little separation between muscle and bone

Answer 21

direct

Question 22

what are tendons made of (2)

Answer 22

collagen fibers

elastin proteins

Question 23

where do collagen fibers run in relation to force within a tendon

Answer 23

parallel

Question 24

what is a large, sheet like layer of connective tissue that provides structure and distributes tension across a larger number of muscles

Answer 24

aponeurosis

Question 25

what connective tissue covers tendons from a group of muscles and holds them in place

Answer 25

retinaculum

Question 26

what type of muscles dont pull on bones, but pull on the skin

Answer 26

face muscles

Question 27

what muscle provides the major force to complete a movement

Answer 27

the prime moverwh

Question 28

at muscle opposes the action of the prime mover

Answer 28

the antagonist

Question 29

why would an antagonist contract why would an antagonist relax

Answer 29

to prevent excessive movement to give prime move control

Question 30

what muscles prevent the movement of bone while the prime mover acts

Answer 30

fixators

Question 31

what muscle aids the prime mover by adding more force or modifying the direction of a movement

Answer 31

synergist

Question 32

what is the muscles ability to respond to chemical signals and stretch

Answer 32

excitability

Question 33

what is a muscles ability to have local electrical excitation

Answer 33

conductivity

Question 34

what is a muscles ability to return to its original length after being stretched

Answer 34

elasticity

Question 35

what is the muscles ability to remain stretched after multiple contractions

Answer 35

extensibility

Question 36

what forms single muscle fibers by being fused together how does this relate to muscles being multinucleate

Answer 36

myoblast cells they keep their nuclei

Question 37

what cells allow for muscle regeneration they are essentially....

Answer 37

satellite cells hibernating myoblasts

Question 38

what results in muscle striations

Answer 38

the arrangements of internal contractile proteins

Question 39

what helps conduct impulses to the deepest regions of a muscle fiber

Answer 39

T tubules

Question 40

what is the smooth ER that surrounds a myofibril and acts as a Ca resovoir

Answer 40

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 41

what is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

Answer 41

sarcolemma

Question 42

what is the contractile organelle in a muscle fiber

Answer 42

myofibril

Question 43

what is the I band made of

Answer 43

actin

Question 44

what in the M line/ H zone

Answer 44

where myosin is held togetherw

Question 45

what is the A band

Answer 45

where the filaments overlap

Question 46

what interlocks thick filaments with the z line

Answer 46

connectin

Question 47

what protein prevents overstretching and provides muscle recoil

Answer 47

connectin

Question 48

a sarcomere goes from ____ to ____

Answer 48

z disc - z disc

Question 49

what are the two heads to a myosin

Answer 49

atp binding actin binding

Question 50

what is the protein that calcium binds to that rolls of of the other protein

Answer 50

troponin

Question 51

what protein is directly on top of the myosin binding site

Answer 51

tropomyosin

Question 52

what protein links actin in outermost filaments to membrane proteins that link to the endomysium it acts like _____ that bind cells together

Answer 52

dystrophin glue

Question 53

defects in _______ can cause muscular dystrophy

Answer 53

dystrophin