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integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

what’s included in the integumentary system ?

A
  1. skin
    - epidermis
    - dermis
  2. accessory organs
    - hair
    - nails
    - glands
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2
Q

what are the four main tissues in the human body ?

A
  1. epithelial
  2. connective
    3.muscular
  3. nervous
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3
Q

what is function of epithelial tissue ?

A

covers body surface and lines body cavities

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4
Q

what is the function of connective tissue ?

A

binds and supports body parts

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5
Q

what is the function of muscular tissue ?

A

moves body parts

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6
Q

what is the function of nervous tissue ?

A

receives , interprets and sends signals

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7
Q

what is the function of basement membrane ?

A

provides structural support for the epithelium and also binds it to neighbouring structures

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8
Q

what are the 5 types of epithelial tissues ?

A
  • squamous
    -cuboidal
    -columnar
    -pseudostratified ciliated columnar
    -stratified squamous epithelium
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9
Q

what are the functions of epithelial tissue ?

A
  • protection
    -sensation
    -secretion
    -absorption
    -excretion
    -diffusion
    -cleaning
    -reduces friction
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10
Q

what is the name of the outer layer of skin called ?

A

epidermis

composed of epithelial cells

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11
Q

what is the name of middle layer of skin ?

A

dermis

composed of connective tissue

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12
Q

what is the third layer of skin called ?

A

subcutaneous

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13
Q

what is the basement membrane composed of ?

A

glycoproteins- sticky sugar proteins and protein fibres

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14
Q

what is a property of collagen ?

A

strong
elastic - stretchy

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15
Q

what is largest organ ?

A

skin

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16
Q

what is the function of the receptors in the skin ?

A

receptors for pain , temp , touch and pressure

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17
Q

what does epi mean ?

A

means on top of

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18
Q

what is layers of dead skin called ?

A

stratum corneum

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19
Q

what is the stratum corneum composed of ?

A

keratin

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20
Q

is the stratum corneum avascular ?

A

yes

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21
Q

does the stratum corneum have nervous tissue ?

A

no cannot feel pain

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22
Q

what are the two layers of the dermis ?

A
  1. papillary layer ( more superficial )
  2. reticular layer ( deeper )
23
Q

where is the subcutaneous fat found ?

A

deep in the dermis

24
Q

does the subcutaneous fat contain lots of blood vessels ?

25
what is the subcutaneous fat composed of ?
adipose fat tissue
26
why is the skin on feet thicker than on eyelids ?
less pressure is applied to eyelids
27
where is the stratum lucidum is located ?
is a translucent layer lying beneath the corneum
28
what is the stratum lucidum function ?
cells in this layer are also dead or in the process of dying
29
what process is the stratum granulosum doing through ?
keratinization becoming fibrous proteins similar to the protein in the hair and nails
30
where is melanin in the skin located ?
stratum germinativum
31
what is the function of the stratum germinativum ?
capable of cell division
32
what does the dermis contain ?
lymphatics , nerves , nerve endings , blood vessels , sweat glands ,elastic fibres and hair follicles
33
what is the papillary layer of dermis ?
forms ridges fingers and footprints
34
what is the reticular layer of the dermis ?
beneath the papillary layer white fibrous tissue that supports blood vessels
35
what muscle is located by hair follicles ?
pilomotor muscle
36
what is the pilomotor muscles function ?
stimulated by skin irritations , emotional arousal , cold temps causing goose flesh ( goose bumps )
37
what is the function hair papilla ?
provides nourishment to the hair responsible for hair growth
38
what is the transparent cuticle function in the hair ?
covers hair shaft protecting it from the elements and chemicals and loosing moisture
39
what is the function of the cortex ?
provides most of the hairs weight contains melanin which provides hair colour stores oils provides flexibility and elasticity adds shape to the hair
40
what is the medulla of the hair ?
inner hollow core that runs length of the shaft
41
what are the sebaceous glands ?
oil glands tiny ducts that open into each hair follicle
42
what does the sebaceous gland secrete ?
sebum which lubricates the hair and the skin
43
what is the nail root also called ?
germinal matrix
44
what is the function of the fingernails and toe nails ?
protect fingers and toes
45
what is the nail cuticle called ?
eponychium fuses nail plate and the skin of the finger together
46
what are ingrown nails ?
nails which have curled down or around
47
what are sudoriferous glands ?
Sweat glands
48
why is sweat beneficial ?
sweat collects on the skin surface evaporates and creates cooling effect
49
why does sweat smell ?
as it accumulates sweat becomes odorous by action of bacteria
50
what is the condition of hidrosis ?
is an abnormal condition of sweat that causes blistering and peeling of the palms and soles
51
what is anhidrosis ?
is an abnormal condition of diminished or absent sweat
52
what are some factors which affect skin health ?
water environment sleep stress alcohol diet sun exposure
53
what are some effects of climate change in skin health?
skin infections dry skin skin cancers
54
what does the ABCDE of detecting melanoma stand for ?
A= Asymmetry B= Border C=Colour D=Diameter E=Evolving

science for medicine (27 decks)

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