Integumentary system

Question 1

The biological system that includes the skin, hair, nails and associated glands

Answer 1

Integumentary system

Question 2

The outermost layer of the skin that provides protection

Answer 2

Epidermis

Question 3

The outermost part of the epidermis made of dead, flattened keratinized cells that acts as a barrier to protect against elements and pathogens

Answer 3

Stratum corneum

Question 4

Small openings in the epidermis that allow sweat to be release for cooling and waste removal

Answer 4

Sweat glands

Question 5

A thin transparent layer in the epidermis found only in thick skin (palm, soles) which provides an extra layer of protection

Answer 5

Stratum lucidum

Question 6

A layer in the epidermis which contains granules that help in the production of keratin and also plays a role in water resistance

Answer 6

Stratum granulosum

Question 7

A layer in the epidermis where keratinocytes begin to develop connections, providing structural support. It also contains immune cells to help fight infections

Answer 7

Stratum spinosum

Question 8

The deepest layer of the epidermis containing basal cells that continuously divide to form new skin cells. It also houses melanocytes which produce melanin for skin pigmentation

Answer 8

Stratum basale

Question 9

The middle layer of the skin which provides strength and elasticity, support blood circulation and contain sensory receptors

Answer 9

Dermis

Question 10

Part of the dermis which provides nutrients to the epidermis and form fingerprints for grip and texture sensitivity

Answer 10

Dermal Papiilla

Question 11

Part of the dermis that detects light touches and vibrations, found in fingertips and lips

Answer 11

Meissner’s corpuscle (tactile corpuscle)

Question 12

Part of the dermis that transmits sensory information such as pain, temperature and touch

Answer 12

Nerve fiber

Question 13

Also known as the subcutaneous tissue, it is the deepest layer of the skin and is composed primarily of adipose and connective tissue

Answer 13

Hypodermis

Question 14

Part of the hypodermis that detects pressure and vibrations, found in deep skin layers, joints and tendons

Answer 14

Pacinian corpuscle

Question 14

Part of the hypodermis that detects skin stretching and sustained pressure, important for grip and movement detection

Answer 14

Ruffini corpuscle

Question 14

Part of the hypodermis that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the skin, support healing and cell function

Answer 14

Artery

Question 14

Part of the hypodermis that helps remove excess fluid and waste, playing a role in the immune system

Answer 14

Lymph vessel

Question 14

Part of the hypodermis that transmits sensory information such as pain, temperature, touch and collects deoxygenated blood

Answer 14

Vein

Question 15

Fine threadlike strands growing from the skin that helps in thermoregulation and protection

Answer 15

Hair/Fur

Question 15

Part of the hypodermis which is a connective tissue layer that separates and supports muscles, organs and skin

Answer 15

Fascia

Question 15

Visible part of the hair that provides insulation and protection

Answer 15

Hair shaft

Question 16

The rooted part of the hair responsible for growth

Answer 16

Hair follicle

Question 17

Part of the hair that supplies blood and nutrients to the hair follicle for hair production

Answer 17

Papilla of hair

Question 18

Contracts to raise hair (causing goosebumps) to conserve heat or as a reaction to emotions

Answer 18

Arrector pili muscle

Question 19

An accessory structure made of keratin that helps in protection and sensation

Answer 19

Nail

Question 20

The hard keratinized outer layer of the nail. It protects the fingertips and enhances touch sensitivity

Answer 20

Nail plate

Question 21

The skin beneath the nail, supplying nutrients and supports the nail

Answer 21

Nail bed

Question 22

The hidden part beneath the skin where new nail cells are produced. It controls the growth and thickness of the nail

Answer 22

Matrix

Question 23

The white crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail and is a part of the growing nail matrix

Answer 23

Lunula

Question 23

The skin surrounding the nail on three sides. It provides a protective barrier for the nail

Answer 23

Nail fold

Question 24

The thin layer of skin at the base of the nail. It protects the nail matrix from bacteria and infection

Answer 24

Cuticle

Question 25

The part of the nail extending beyond the fingertip. It protects the fingertip and aids in precision tasks

Answer 25

Free edge

Question 26

Organs that produce one or more substances like hormones, digestive juices, sweat, tears, saliva and milk

Answer 26

Glands

Question 27

Gland which produces sebum (oil) to moisturize skin and hair and prevent cracking

Answer 27

Sebaceous gland

Question 28

A gland that is found all over the body. It secreted watery sweat for body cooling

Answer 28

Eccrine sweat glands

Question 29

A gland found in the armpits and groin, activated during puberty and linked with body odor

Answer 29

Apocrine sweat glands

Question 30

The four types of cells found in the epidermis

Answer 30

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans, and merkel cells

Question 30

The most common cell in the epidermis which produces keratin, developing from the stratum basale and move outward toward that stratum corneum

Answer 30

Keratinocytes

Question 31

Cells which produce melanin which gives skin its color, originating from the neural crest

Answer 31

Melanocytes

Question 31

Immune cells that help prevent and fight off skin infections and is a part of the immune system which protects the skin

Answer 31

Langerhans cells

Question 31

Cells that are tactile receptors that sense pressure changes at the bottom of the epidermis. It is a part of the nervous system that helps the skin connect to nerve endings deeper in the body and most abundant in the fingertips

Answer 31

Merkel cells

Question 31

List skin derivatives

Answer 31

Hair, nails, scales, feathers, glands, horns, claws, hooves, tusks, etc.

Question 32

Skin derivatives of a bird

Answer 32

Feathers, claws, beak, comb and wattle (some), podotheca (epidermal covering in bird feet)