Nervous System

Question 1

The master controlling and communicating system of the body

Answer 1

Nervous system

Question 2

Basic functional units of the nervous system, capable of transmitting impulses at speeds up to 250 mph

Answer 2

Neurons

Question 3

Helper cells that provide physical and chemical support to neurons and maintain their environment. “Glue” of the nervous system

Answer 3

Glia or glial cells

Question 4

Bundles of nervous tissue, containing hundreds to thousands of axons wrapped in connective tissue

Answer 4

Nerves

Question 5

Afferent neurons that carry messages to the CNS. From body to brain

Answer 5

Sensory neurons

Question 5

Chemicals that carry information between brain cells

Answer 5

Neurotransmitters

Question 6

Efferent neurons that transmit signals from CNS to the body. (Brain to body)

Answer 6

Motor neurons

Question 7

Connects sensory and motor neurons within the CNS, facilitating communication

Answer 7

Interneurons

Question 8

Are interneurons unipolar or multipolar?

Answer 8

Multipolar

Question 8

Are sensory neurons unipolar or multipolar?

Answer 8

Unipolar

Question 9

Are motor neurons unipolar or multipolar?

Answer 9

Multipolar

Question 10

Part of the neuron that receives stimulus and carries impulses toward the cell body. Receiver

Answer 10

Dendrite

Question 11

Part of the neuron where the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm is located

Answer 11

Cell body or soma

Question 12

Part of the neuron with fibers that carry impulses away from the cell body

Answer 12

Axon

Question 13

Cells which produce myelin or fat layer in the PNS

Answer 13

Schwann cells

Question 14

Part of the neuron that is a dense lipid layer which insulates the axon, making it look gray

Answer 14

Myelin sheath

Question 14

The gaps and nodes in the myelin sheath

Answer 14

Node of Ranvier

Question 15

The end part of a neuron where the transmission of a nerve impulse occurs by releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

Answer 15

Axon terminal

Question 16

Glial cell that produce myelin and provide electrical insulation (CNS)

Answer 16

Oligodendrocytes

Question 16

Glial cell that provide structural and metabolic support, participates in repair (CNS)

Answer 16

Astrocytes

Question 17

Glial cell that assist in production and movement of cerebral spinal fluid (CNS)

Answer 17

Ependymal cells

Question 18

Glial cell that participate in defense and immune responses (CNS)

Answer 18

Microglia

Question 19

Glial cell that produce myelin and provide electrical insulation (PNS)

Answer 19

Schwann cells

Question 20

Glial cell that provide structural and metabolic support for cell bodies of neurons (PNS)

Answer 20

Satellite cells

Question 21

Two parts of the nervous system

Answer 21

Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 22

Parts of the CNS

Answer 22

Brain and spinal cord

Question 23

The largest section of the brain, divided into two hemispheres and four lobes

Answer 23

Cerebrum

Question 24

Responsible for reasoning and thought

Answer 24

Frontal lobe

Question 24

Responsible for integration of sensory information

Answer 24

Parietal lobe

Question 24

Responsible for processing auditory information from the ears

Answer 24

Temporal lobe

Question 25

Responsible for processing visual information from the eyes

Answer 25

Occipital lobe

Question 26

Located below the cerebrum and above the 1st cervical of neck. Responsible for muscle coordination, balance, posture and muscle tone

Answer 26

Cerebellum

Question 27

Consists of the thalamus and hypothalamus

Answer 27

Diencephalon

Question 27

Directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum

Answer 27

Thalamus

Question 28

Controls and regulates temperature, appetite, water balance, sleep, and blood vessel constriction and dilation. Also plays a role in emotion

Answer 28

Hypothalamus

Question 29

Located below the cerebrum and responsible for eye and auditory reflexes

Answer 29

Midbrain

Question 30

Located below midbrain (in brainstem). Responsible for certain reflex actions (chewing, tasting, saliva production)

Answer 30

Pons

Question 31

Located at the bottom of the brainstem and connects to the spinal cord. "Center for Respiration". Regulates heart and blood vessel function, digestion, respiration, swallowing, coughing, sneezing and blood pressure)

Answer 31

Medulla Oblongata

Question 32

Link between the brain and nerves in the rest of the body

Answer 32

Spinal cord

Question 33

Nerves that carry information from the body to the brain

Answer 33

Afferent

Question 34

Nerves that carry information from the brain to the body

Answer 34

Efferent

Question 35

Two subdivisions of the PNS

Answer 35

Somatic and Autonomic

Question 36

Responsible for carrying motor and sensory information and nearly all voluntary muscle movements

Answer 36

Somatic nervous system

Question 37

Responsible for regulating unconscious body processes and further divided into two sections

Answer 37

Autonomic nervous system

Question 38

Revs up the body to either defend or escape (fight or flight)

Answer 38

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 38

Brings all the systems of the body back to normal functioning

Answer 38

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 39

Simplest form of nervous system and controls contraction and expansion of the gastrovascular activity. Used by cnidarians (jellyfish)

Answer 39

Nerve net

Question 40

Coordinates movement and muscle contraction. Used by echinoderms (starfish, sea cucumber)

Answer 40

Radial nerve and nerve ring

Question 41

The clustering of sensory neurons at the anterior end (planaria/flatworms)

Answer 41

Cephalization

Question 42

Responsible for communicating with the rest of the body (planaria/flatworms)

Answer 42

Nerve cords and transverse nerves

Question 43

Have a fixed number of neurons and has a nerve ring

Answer 43

Roundworms (Nematoda)

Question 52

Regulates behavior and movement in segmented worms

Answer 52

Ganglia and ventral nerve cord

Question 53

Organisms that have simple nerve nets or ladder-like systems

Answer 53

Lower invertebrates (hydra, jellyfish, flatworms)

Question 54

Organisms that have more complexity with ganglia and nerve cords

Answer 54

Intermediate invertebrates (roundworms, annelids, mollusks)

Question 55

Organisms that have advanced brains, problem-solving abilities, and complex behavior

Answer 55

Highly developed invertebrates (cephalopods)

Question 56

Forebrain

Answer 56

Procencephalon

Question 57

Midbrain

Answer 57

Mesencephalon

Question 58

Hindbrain

Answer 58

Rhombencephalon