Integumentary System Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
what does the epidermis origin from
A
ectoderm ( surface)
2
Q
how much does the skin make up the total body weight
A
16%
3
Q
what is the dermis derived from
A
mesenchyme ( somtie)
4
Q
initially the embryo is covered by what
A
a layer of ectodermal cells
5
Q
what are the two layers of the ectodermal cells that the baby is covered in originally
A
peridurm and basal layer
6
Q
when does the single layer of ectodermal cells divide into two
A
at the beginning of second month
7
Q
what is another name for periderm
A
epitrichium
8
Q
what is the “flattened” layer of cells in the ectodermal layers
A
peroderm
9
Q
when does the periderm become the stratum corneum
A
after week 21
10
Q
in the embryo the cells of the periderm continually undergo what
A
keratinization and desquamation
11
Q
what are the exfoliated peridermal cells called
A
vernix caseosa
12
Q
what will make sure that the baby will be easily able to slide out of the vagina and this will attach to the lanugo of the baby and look like white cheesy stuff
A
vernix caseosa
13
Q
how many days does it take for cells in the basal layer to travel up
A
28
14
Q
where are melanocytes derived from
A
neural crest cells
15
Q
what does the vernix caseosa consist of
A
sebum from sebaceous glands and the dead cells from the periderm(corneum strata)
16
Q
what protects the developing skin from constant exposure to amniotic fluid that has a high urine content
A
vernix
17
Q
replacement of the peridermal cells continues till when? ( remember this is when the periderm becomes the stratum corneum)
A
week 21
18
Q
what are epidermal ridges
A
they are proliferation of the stratum basal layer
19
Q
what produces grooves on the surface of the palms and soles “fingerpirnts”
A
epidermal ridges
20
Q
what can affect the development of ridge patterns
A
abnormal chromosome complements
21
Q
what baby will have the pathognomonic sign, single palmar crease
A
trisomony 21
22
Q
what is the result of melanocytes becoming mutated when they have had too musch exposure to the sun
A
melanoma
23
Q
who can have acromelanoma and where will it appear
A
dark people
and it will be in the soles and palms of the body
24
Q
what is the four step rule when examining Nevi
A
A- Asymmetry
B- Border
C- Color
D- Dimension
25
normal nevi should be how big
less then 5 mm
26
from what age is a child very susceptable to UV rays
0-6months
27
late in the embryonic stage nerual crest cells migrate to the dermis and differentiate into what
melanoblasts
28
where do melanoblast migrate too and differentiate into melanocytes
dermoepidermal junction
29
pigment can see in what babies
in dark races, not white
30
what are langerhann cells derived from
bone marrow ( mesoderm)
31
what does thick sin not have
arrector pili muscle or sebacous glands
32
the cells in the dermis have what origin
mesoderm
33
what wee do mesenchymal cells start to make collagenous and elastic CT fibers
week 11
34
what provides nurishment to the epidermis and is located in the papillary layer of the dermis
capillary loops
35
what is the formation of new capillaires? when does it start in utero
week 5- angiogenesis
36
when is the major vascualture of the fetus determined
by the end of the 1st trimester
37
what are known as epidermal downgrowths ) cellular buds) that go into the underlying mesenhcyme
eccrin sweat glands
38
when will baby start to sweat
a couple hours after birth
39
where are apocrine swet glands usually seen
in the axilla, pubic, and perineal regions and areaola of the nipples
40
which glands open into the upper part of the hair follicle
apocrine sweat glands
41
what are the group of skin disorders called that result from excessive keratinization
Ichtiosis
42
what is it called when the skin is very thick like they are covered in scales and the development of hair follicles are blocked
ichtiosis vulagris
43
wat defect has linear ruptures of the skin
ichtiosis vulgaris
44
how to treat ichtiosis vulgaris
corticosteroids
45
what is the rare keratinizing disorder that is autosomal recessive. the skin will be very thick, ridged, and cracked, the baby usually dies within the 1st week of life
harlequin fetus
46
what is the disorder where the baby is covered by a taut membrane that looks like parchment. the membrane will shed after some weeks
collodion infant
47
collodian infant can be confused with what
harlequin infant
48
what is the autosomal recessive disorder that looks like a colodian infant but the scaling persists and the growht of hair is interupted, and sweat gland are usually stopped
lamellar ichtiosis
49
what happens when lamellar ichtiosis is cloose to the eyes
the conjuncta will turn outward
50
what is the disorder that is hereditary that involves teh ectodermal origin. teath can be absent or partially absent and hair, nails, and skin can be affeced
congenital ectodermal dysplasia
51
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what involves both ectoderm and endodermal tissue and consists of ectodermal dysplasia
-hypopigmentation of the skin and hair
- skanty hair and eyebrows
no eyelashes
- microdontia
-- hypodontia
```
Ectrodactyl-ectodermal dysplasia- clefting syndrome
52
what is lobster claw syndrome called
ectrodactylt
53
what is the skin disease that is characterized by excess cell proliferation in the stratum basale and spinosum and there will be thick epidermis and short regeneraion tim
= red patches with skin cells on top
Psoriasis
54
is clefting syndroe autosomal dominant or recessive
dominant
55
these individuals with this defect will have abnormalities in collagen type 1 and 3 and they will have stretchy and fragile skin, hypermobile joints, aneuryss of vessels and rupture of bowels
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
56
what are the autosomal disorders that are characterized by bulla ( blister) formation. there is a mutation in laminin 5 so the stratum basal and the basement membrane do not adhere to each other. the epidermis is intact but it separates from the dermis
JEB- Junctional epidermolysis bullosa
57
what angioma only consist of arteries and veins
cavernous angioma
58
what angioma consist of lymph
cystic lymphangioma or cystic hygromas
59
what is the flat, pink or red flame like blotch usually in the posterior side of the neck
nevua flammeus ( also can be called rubi nevus)
60
what is large and dark and is almost always anterior or lateral on the face and neck ( has very little complications)
port wine stain syndrome
61
what is the hemangioma in the area of the trigeminal nerve that is associated with angiomas of the meninges of the brain
sturge-weber syndrome
62
generalized albinism is what kind of trait
autosomal recessive
63
melanocytes fail to produce what in albinism
melanin
64
what is the defect that lacks melanin in patches of the skin and or hairs
piebaldsim
65
when do mammary buds begin to develop
6th week
66
what are the solid down growths of epidermis into the mesenchyme under neath that develop during the 6th week
mammary buds
67
mammary glands are modified what
sweat glands
68
when does mamary crest appear
week 4
69
mammary crest starts by going from where to where
axilla to inguinal region
70
what induces canalization in mammary buds
placental sex hormones
71
in the newborn what are nipple like
poorly formed and depressed
72
witch's milk
this happens because of maternal hormones and baby nipple secretes only for a bit
73
wat is the first sign of puberty in girls
talarchia ( breast budding)
74
when males have development of lactiferous ducts in male mammary tissue it is called
gynecomastia (klein felter has this forever)
75
polymastia?
supernumerary nipples appears in 1% of female population , common in men and mistaken for moles
76
when do hair develop
9-12 week
77
when are hairs recognizable
week 20
78
when the hair buds become club shaped they form what
hair bulbs
79
the epithelial of the hair bulb is what
germinal matrix
80
what is the form of alopecia that happens to women and can happen especially after pregnancy
alopecia areata ( between age 20-30)
81
congenital alopecia can be caused by what
the failure of hair follicles to develop
82
what is the loss of all head hair and is autoimmune
alopecia totalis
83
what is it called when people have excessive hair because the lanugo doesnt go away
hypertichosis
84
localizedf hypertichosis is associated with
spinal bifida
85
what is the disorder called when the hairs are twisted and bent they can also have distorted nails
pili torti
86
when do nails begin to develop
week 10
87
nail fields are surrounded by what
nail folds
88
what is the thing that covers the nail plate and then degenerates to being the cuticle
eponichium
89
what is results from the failure of nail felid to form or for proximal nail fold to forma nail plate
congenital anonychia
90
who has nail clubing
people with TB and cystic fibrosis
91
what are the 2 sets of teeth we have
deciduous and permanent
92
what 3 things do teeth develop from
- oral ectoderm
- mesenchyme
- nerual crst cells
93
what is the continuous process that invloves reciprocal induction between neural crest mesenchyme and overlying oral epithelium
odontogenesis
94
when are decduous teeth suppsoed to form
6-8 months
95
when are permenant teeth supossed to come
7-8 years
96
what are the 3 stages of tooth development
bud
cap
bell
97
in what stage does the dental lamina develop 10 centers of prolifertion
bud stage
98
in what stage does the bud become cap shaped due to invagination of mesencym that forms dental papilla and dental follicle
cap stage
99
in this stage the dental papilla differentiate into odontoblasts which make predentine that later calcifis and becomes dentin
bell stage
100
what is the 2nd hardest tissue in the body
dentin
101
what is the hardest tissue int he body
enamal
102
ameolblast produce?
enamal
103
when does the root of the tooth begin to develop only after dentin and enamal are well formed
bell stage
104
what is a derivative of the dental sac that holds to tooth into the alveolus ( bony socket)
periodontal lig
105
what is it called when the tooth emerges from its developmental postion in the jaw
tooth eruption
106
what teeth erupt first mandibular or maxillary
mandibular
107
when are all 20 teeth precent in healthy children
by the end of the 2nd year
108
what results in the increase in the depth of the face of children
when the alveolar processes lengthen because adult teeth are coming in
109
what are natal teeth
whn there are 2 mandibular incisors present at berth
110
what is it called when there is an enamal formation problem
amelogenesis imperfecta
111
what is it called whe the teeth are brown to grey blue becuase odontoblast arent forming dentin
dentinogenesis imperfecta
112
what s tetracyclins
it is something that shouldn't be give between 10-14 weeks of postnatal it affects the enamel and dentine becuse it binds to hydroxyapatite
113
tetracyline shouldnt be given to who
pregnants and children under 8
