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A&P 231 > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the difference between thick and thin skin.

A

Thick skin has 5 layers of epidermis (stratum lucidum)

Thin skin has hair, sweat and sebaceous glands, Thick skin has only sweat glands.

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2
Q

Functions of the skin (6)

A
  1. Resistance, protection
  2. Waterproofing and UV
  3. Vit D and calcitriol
  4. Sensation
  5. Thermoregulation
  6. Nonverbal communication
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3
Q

Name cells that are found in epidermis (5) and what layer they are in

A 
Stem cells (deepest layer)
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes (DNA + pigment) basal layer
Tactile (Merkel) cells (basal layer)
Dendritic (Langerhans) (spinosum and granulosum)
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4
Q

What 2 substances form in stratum granulosum

A 
Lamellar granules (glycolipid secretion -waterproofing)
keratohyalin granules
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5
Q

Name 4 +1 layers of epidermis

A 
Basale (germinotium)
spinosum
granulosum
(lucidum) 
corneum
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6
Q

clear protein found in stratum lucidum

A

eleidin

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7
Q

two structures that make the border between epidermis and dermis wavy

A

dermal papillae and epidermal ridges

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8
Q

2 layers of dermis

A 
papillary layer (thin, areolar, small blood vessels)
Reticular layer (dense irregular, less ground substance, glands and hair follicles)
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9
Q

Stretch marks

A

Striae (torn collagen)

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10
Q

what does hypodermis consist of

A

areolar and adipose tissues, highly vascular

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11
Q

5 sensory receptors in skin

A
  1. Tactile corpuscles (Meissner’s)
  2. Pacinian corpuscles (lamellated)
  3. Tactile (Merkel) discs
  4. Free nerve endings
  5. Tactile discs
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12
Q

Meissner’s Tactile corpuscles (location and function)

A

papillary layer of dermis (esp sensitive in hairless spaces)

light touch, texture

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13
Q

Pacinian (lamellated) corpuscles (location and function)

A

down by subcutaneous (esp hands, feet, breasts, genitals)

deep pressure receptor, stretch, tickle, vibration

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14
Q

Merkel’s (tactile) discs

A

merkel cells + associated nerve ending = merkel discs
basal layer of epidermis
light touch, texture, shapes and edges

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15
Q

free nerve ending (location and function)

A

skin and mucous membranes

warm, cold and pain receptors (nociceptor)

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16
Q

Tactile discs (location and function)

A

around hair follicle

light touch, hair movement

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17
Q

what affects skin color (3) and where they are found

A

Melanin (mostly basale + spinosum)

Hemoglobin (near blood vessels - in dermis)

Carotene (stratum corneum and subcutaneous fat)

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18
Q

2 forms of pigments of melanin

A

eumelanin - brownish black

pheomelanin - reddish yellow (sulfur-containing)

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19
Q

Blue skin appearance

A

Cyanosis

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20
Q

Redness of skin

A

erythema

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21
Q

pale ashen skin color

A

pallor

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22
Q

lack of melanin

A

albinism

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23
Q

yellowing of skin and whites of the eyes

24
Q

bruising

25
golden-brown color
Bronzing (Addison disease) Hormon deficiency of adrenal glands.
26
Fingerprints
friction ridges
27
creases
flexion lines
28
Flat melanized patches
freckles
29
Elevated patch of melanized skin, often with hair
Mole
30
Birthmarks (3 kinds)
Skin discolored by benign tumors of the blood capillaries - capillary hemangioma - cavernous hemangioma - port-wine stain
31
Pilus
hair
32
3 types of hair
1. Lanugo (fetal) 2. Vellus (kids and women) 3. Terminal hair (men and scalp, brows, lashes, groin, axillary)
33
3 areas of hair along the length
shaft (above skin, dead) root (inside the follicle, dead) bulb (where hair originates, living)
34
part of vasculary connective tissue that is source of nutrition of hair
dermal papilla
35
hair growth center
hair matrix (mitotically active)
36
3 areas of hair from inside out
medulla (+air) cortex (most of the bulk) pigment is here cuticle
37
Follicle (location and 2 sheaths)
dermis and sometimes hypodermis - epithelium root sheath - connective tissue sheath
38
hair muscle
piloerector muscle aka pilomotor muscle aka arrector pili
39
3 stages of hair cycle
Anagen - growth (6-8 years), club hair might still be present Catagen - degenerative stage (2-3 weeks), club hair is forming Telogen - resting stage (1-3 month) papilla reaches the bulge
40
Thinning of the hair
alopecia (disease, stress, ragiation, aging)
41
excessive hairiness in areas that are not usually hairy
hirsutism
42
nail "cuticle"
eponychium
43
white area at the base of the nail
lunule
44
other name for sweat glands
sudoriferous
45
bad sweat odor
bromhidrosis
46
Apocrine sweat glands
- hormonal, (pheromones) - larger ducts lumens that merocrine - sweat is thicker and milkier (more fatty acids) - usually associated with hair
47
Merocrine sweat glands
- under neurologic control (cool off, waste, -acidity) - all over the body - secrete into pores, not hair
48
2 types of merocrine perspiration
- insensible perspiration | - diaphoresis
49
Sebaceous glands (location, type of secretion)
associated with hair follicle | holocrine secretion
50
Glands if external ear canal
Ceruminous | cerumen - earwax
51
mammary glands
do not equal breasts modified apocrine glands rich secretion leads to nipple
52
Burned, dead tissue
ESCHAR
53
removal of toxins from eschar
debridement
54
partial thickness burns
1st and 2nd degree, epidermis and part of dermis
55
full thickness burns
3rh (4th if there is bone affected) + muscle
56
Calcitriol
Endocrine function hormones synthesized by keratinocytes. Affects of: skeletal - absorption of calcium endocrine - hormone secretion depends on calcitriol
57
skin and immune system
dendritic cells alert immune system when pathogens breach the epidermal layer

A&P 231 (9 decks)

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