Integumentary System - Functions Of Skin

Question 1

Skin is ____ and foremost a _______ .

Answer 1

First
Barrier

Question 2

Skins main functions include:

Answer 2

• protection
• body temperature regulation
• cutaneous sensations
• metabolic functions
• blood reservoir
• excretion of wastes

Question 3

Skin constitutes three barriers:

Answer 3

Chemical barrier
Physical barrier
Biological barrier

Question 4

Skin secretes many chemicals such as:

Answer 4

Sweat
Sebum
Defensins

Question 5

Sweat contains . . .

Answer 5

Antimicrobial proteins

Question 6

Sebum & defensins kills _________ .

Answer 6

Bacteria

Question 7

Acid mantle is ____________ of skin retards _____________________ .

Answer 7

Low pH
Bacterial multiplication

Question 8

_________ provides a _________ barrier against UV radiation damage.

Answer 8

Melanin
Chemical

Question 9

Physical barrier is made up of _______, ______, __________ cells of ____________, surrounded by __________, block most ______ and ______________ substances.

Answer 9

Flat, dead, keratinized
Stratum corneum

Question 10

Biological barrier is ___________ which contains ___________ cells.

Answer 10

Epidermis
Phagocytic

Question 11

Dermis contains ___________ . They also activate _______________ by presenting foreign antigens to white blood cells.

Answer 11

Macrophages
Immune system

Question 12

_______ can absorb harmful UV radiation, converting it to harmless heat.

Answer 12

DNA

Question 13

Under normal, resting body temperature, sweat glands produce about ____________ of unnoticeable sweat.This is called ____________ .

Answer 13

500 ml/day
Insensibleperspiration

Question 14

If body temperature rises, dilation of dermal vessels can increase sweat gland activity to produce _________ of noticeable sweat. This is called _____________________ .

Answer 14

12 L (3 gallons)
Sensible perspiration

Question 15

In cold external environment dermal blood vessels _________ .

Answer 15

Constrict

Question 16

____________________ receptors are part of the nervous system.

Answer 16

Cutaneous sensory

Question 17

__________ respond to stimuli outside body, such as _________ and ______ .

Answer 17

Exteroreceptors
Temperature
Touch

Question 18

___________________ sense ________ stimuli.

Answer 18

Free nerve endings
Painful

Question 19

Skin can synthesize vitamin ______ needed for calcium absorption in intestine.

Answer 19

Vitamin D

Question 20

Chemicals from _________ can disarm some ___________ .

Answer 20

Keratinocytes
Carcinogens

Question 21

_________ can activate some ____________ .

Answer 21

Keratinocytes
Hormones

Question 22

Skin makes _____________, which aids in natural turnover of _______ to prevent __________ .

Answer 22

Collagenase
Collagen
Wrinkles

Question 23

Skin can hold up to ______ of the body’s total blood volume.

Answer 23

5%

Question 24

Skin vessels can be ________ to shunt blood to other ____, such as an __________ muscle.

Answer 24

Constricted
Organs
Exercising

Question 25

Skin can secrete limited amounts of _________________, such as _______, ______, and ______________ .

Answer 25

Nitrogenous wastes Ammonia, urea, and Uric acid

Question 26

Sweating can cause _____ and ______ loss

Answer 26

Salt and water

Question 27

Less common, but more damaging skin developments are:

Answer 27

Skin cancer Burns

Question 28

Most skin tumors are _______ and do not ________.

Answer 28

Benign Metastasize

Question 29

Risk factors of skin cancer:

Answer 29

Overexposure to UV radiation Frequent irritation of skin

Question 30

three major types of skin cancers are:

Answer 30

Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Melanoma

Question 31

Basal cell carcinoma is _______ malignant and ______ common.

Answer 31

Least Most

Question 32

In basal cell carcinoma _____________ cells proliferate and slowly invades _______ and ____________ .

Answer 32

Stratum basale cells Dermis & hypodermis

Question 33

Cured by _______________ in 99% of cases.

Answer 33

Surgical excision

Question 34

Squamous cell carcinoma is ___________ common; can _________.

Answer 34

Second most Metastasize

Question 35

Squamous cell carcinoma involves __________ of ______________ .

Answer 35

Keratinocytes Stratum spinosum

Question 36

Usually is a scaly reddened papule on ______, ____, __________ or ______ .

Answer 36

Scalp, ears, lower lip or hands

Question 37

Squamous cell carcinoma is treated by __________ or __________ .

Answer 37

Radiation therapy Removed surgically

Question 38

Melanoma is the cancer of ___________ and is the most dangerous type because . . .

Answer 38

Melanocytes It is highly metastatic & resistant to chemotherapy

Question 39

Melanoma - ABCD rule :

Answer 39

A - asymmetry B - border C - color D - diameter

Question 40

Burns are tissue damage caused by _____ , _________, _________, or ________________ .

Answer 40

Heat Electricity Radiation Certain chemicals

Question 41

Immediate threat to burns is _________ and _________________. Which can lead to ________ and _________________ .

Answer 41

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance Renal shutdown and circulatory shock

Question 42

Burns can be classified by __________ .

Answer 42

Severity

Question 43

Superficial burns are ____________ only

Answer 43

Epidermal damage

Question 44

Superficial partial-thickness / deep partial thickness burns are _________ and _____________ damage. ________ appear.

Answer 44

Epidermal and upper dermal Blisters

Question 45

Full thickness burns are entire thickness of skin involved through the ___________ tissues. Area is not painful because __________ are destroyed.

Answer 45

Subcutaneous Nerve endings

Question 46

Burns are considered critical if:

Answer 46

> 20% of body has deep-partial thickness burns > 10% of body has full thickness burns Face, hands, or feet bear full thickness burns

Question 47

Burn treatment includes:

Answer 47

Debridement Antibiotics Temporary covering Skin grafts

Question 48

Development of Skin - Fetal: by end of ___ month, skin of fetus is developed.

Answer 48

4th

Question 49

Lanugo coat:

Answer 49

Delicate hairs in 5th and 6th month

Question 50

Vernix caseosa:

Answer 50

Sebaceous gland secretion that protects skin of fetus while in watery amniotic fluid

Question 51

Infancy to adulthood: skin ________ and accumulates more ________________; sweat and sebaceous gland activity ________, leading to ______.

Answer 51

Thickens Subcutaneous fat Increases Acne

Question 52

In aging skin _____________ slows; skin becomes ______, ____, and ________.

Answer 52

Epidermal replacement Thin, dry, and itchy

Question 53

In aging skin subcutaneous fat and elasticity ________, leading to ___________ and _________.

Answer 53

Decrease Cold intolerance and wrinkles

Question 54

The skin plays a role in the manufacture of vitamin ______. a) A b) B c) C d) D

Answer 54

D) D

Question 55

What is the immediate threat from severe burns? A) Bacterial infection B) Inadequate body temperature maintenance C) Loss of water and electrolytes D) Scarring

Answer 55

C) Loss of water and electrolytes

Question 56

Which of the following types of skin cancer is the most dangerous? A) Basal cell B) Squamous cell C) Melanoma D)All are equally dangerous.

Answer 56

C) Melanoma

Question 57

Which of the following is not true for the skin in old age? A) It is less susceptible to bruising B) The rate of epidermal cell replacement slows C) The skin thins D) Secretions from glands decrease

Answer 57

A) It is less susceptible to bruising