Integumentary test part 1

Question 1

what are the two major components of the integumentary system?

Answer 1

the cutaneous membrane and the accessory structures

Question 2

what is the main organ in the cutaneous membrane?

Answer 2

the skin

Question 3

what are the accessory structures?

Answer 3

hair, nails, and exocrine glands

Question 4

what are the five major functions of the integument?

Answer 4

protection, temperature maintenance, synthesis and storage of nutrients, sensory reception, and excretion/secretion

Question 5

Where is thick skin found?

Answer 5

soles of feet and palms of hands

Question 6

Where is thin skin found?

Answer 6

everywhere other than soles and palms

Question 7

How many layers are in thick skin?

Answer 7

5 layers

Question 8

How many layers are in thin skin?

Answer 8

4 layers

Question 9

What are the layers of the epidermis? (bottom to top)

Answer 9

stratum germinativum (basale), stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 10

What happens in the stratum germinativum?

Answer 10

cell growth, mitosis

Question 11

Which cells are located in the stratum germinativum?

Answer 11

germinative cells

Question 12

What is another cell produced in the germinativum?

Answer 12

melanocytes

Question 13

What do melanocytes do?

Answer 13

synthesize melanin, substance that pigments skin

Question 14

what happens in the stratum spinosum?

Answer 14

cells may continue to divide and add to thickness

Question 15

What happens in the stratum granulosum?

Answer 15

cells no longer divide and begin to produce large amounts keratin, a protein

Question 16

True or False. Keratin is extremely durable and water-resistant.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What does Keratin do?

Answer 17

coat the skin and form structures of hair, calluses, and nails

Question 18

What color is the stratum lucidum considered and what is it?

Answer 18

clear, consists of flattened keratin filled cells

Question 19

What is the stratum corneum?

Answer 19

layer of dead flattened cells that are keratinized, or cornified

Question 20

How many layers are in the stratum corneum?

Answer 20

15-30 layers

Question 21

what is carotene?

Answer 21

an orange-yellow pigment found in epidermal cells

Question 22

What vitamin can carotene be converted into?

Answer 22

Vitamin A

Question 23

True or False. UV radiation stimulates the synthesis of vitamin D3.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What pigment helps prevent skin damage?

Answer 24

Melanin

Question 25

What is the papillary layer?

Answer 25

loose connective tissue that supports and nourishes the epidermis

Question 26

What is the reticular layer?

Answer 26

consists of interwoven mesh work of elastic fibers and collagen fibers

Question 27

What does the subcutaneous layer consist of?

Answer 27

loose connective tissue and fat cells

Question 28

where is hair located?

Answer 28

every except soles of feet and palms of hand, etc

Question 29

Where are hairs produced?

Answer 29

hair follicles

Question 30

what is the hair papilla?

Answer 30

where connective tissue contains capillaries and nerves

Question 31

What is the cuticle (hair)?

Answer 31

the surface layer of the hair

Question 32

What is the cortex (hair)?

Answer 32

the layer beneath the surface layer

Question 33

What is the medulla (hair)?

Answer 33

the core of the hair

Question 34

What is the muscle that stimulates the hair?

Answer 34

arrector pili

Question 35

What are the two types of exocrine glands?

Answer 35

sebaceous and sweat glands

Question 36

What is a sebaceous gland?

Answer 36

and oil gland/ holocrine glands that secretes oil onto the hair or even the skin

Question 37

What is the secretion from a sebaceous gland called?

Answer 37

sebum

Question 38

What are large sebaceous glands prone to developing?

Answer 38

acne

Question 39

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 39

apocrine and merocrine

Question 40

Where are apocrine sweat glands located?

Answer 40

armpits, nipples and the groin

Question 41

What is another name for merocrine sweat glands?

Answer 41

eccrine sweat glands

Question 42

True or False. Merocrine sweat glands are more numerous and widely distributed.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What percentage of water is the sweat that secretes from merocrine sweat glands?

Answer 43

99%

Question 44

What is the primary function of merocrine gland activity?

Answer 44

to cool down the body

Question 45

What are nails?

Answer 45

the dorsal surfaces of the fingers and toes that are made of hardened keratin

Question 46

What is the nail body?

Answer 46

dense mass of dead keratinized cells

Question 47

What does the nail body cover?

Answer 47

the nail bed

Question 48

Where does nail production take place?

Answer 48

nail root

Question 49

What are the folds of the stratum corneum that exposes the nail nearest to the root called?

Answer 49

the cuticle

Question 50

What is the lunula?

Answer 50

the pale crescent where blood vessels are obscured

Question 51

What is a scab?

Answer 51

a blood clot that forms at the surface of a cut

Question 52

What is granulation tissue?

Answer 52

combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and capillary networks

Question 53

What is scar tissue?

Answer 53

inflexible, fibrous, non cellular tissue

Question 54

What is a keloid?

Answer 54

A thickened area of scar tissues

Question 55

What is the first step of a healing cut?

Answer 55

bleeding occurs at the site and mast cells trigger inflammatory response

Question 56

What is the second step of healing a cut?

Answer 56

a scab forms and the stratum germinativum cells migrate along the edges of the wound. Phagocytic cells remove debris and clotting isolates the region

Question 57

What is the third step of a healing cut?

Answer 57

the scab is undermined by epidermal cells migrating over the meshwork produced by fibroblast. Phagocytic activity has almost ended.

Question 58

What is the final step of a healing cut?

Answer 58

The scab has completely shed and the epidermis is complete. A depression marks the injury and fibroblasts continue to create scar tissue.

Question 59

True or False. Skin injuries and infection aren't more common with age.

Answer 59

False. They are more common.

Question 60

True or False. The sensitivity of the immune system in increased.

Answer 60

False. It is decreased.

Question 61

True or False. Muscle become weaker and bone strength decreases.

Answer 61

True.

Question 62

True or False. Sensitivity to sun exposure increases.

Answer 62

True.

Question 63

True or False. The skin is rarely dry and scaly.

Answer 63

False. It is often dry and scaly.

Question 64

True or False. Hair thins and changes color.

Answer 64

True.

Question 65

True or False. Sagging and wrinkling of the skin occurs.

Answer 65

True.

Question 66

True or False. The ability to lose heat increases.

Answer 66

False. It decreases.

Question 67

True or False. Skin repairs are slower.

Answer 67

True.