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Anatomy and Physiology Honors 2 > Sense Organ Test Part 2 > Flashcards

Sense Organ Test Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What picks up sensory information?

A

sensory receptors

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2
Q

what is the simplest receptor?

A

dendrites of sensory receptors

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3
Q

what are the branching tips of the dendrites called?

A

free nerve endings

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4
Q

what is the area monitored by a single receptor cell called?

A

receptive field

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5
Q

What is arriving information in the CNS called?

A

a sensation

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6
Q

Where does touch pressure pain temperature and taste arrive at?

A

primary sensory cortex

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7
Q

where does visual auditory and olfactory information arrive?

A

the visual auditory and olfactory regions of the cortex

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8
Q

What is the awareness of sensation called?

A

perception

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9
Q

What is adaptation?

A

a reduction in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus

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10
Q

What are the general senses?

A

temperature, pain, touch, pressure, vibrations, and proprioception

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11
Q

What is proprioception?

A

the body position

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12
Q

what are the special senses?

A

smell, taste, vision, balance, and hearing

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13
Q

What are nociceptors?

A

pain receptors

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14
Q

What are nociceptors sensitive to?

A

temperature extremes, mechanical damage, or dissolved chemicals

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15
Q

what are thermoreceptors?

A

free nerve ending located in the dermis, skeletal muscle, liver, and hypothalamus

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16
Q

what are mechanoreceptors?

A

tension and pressure receptors

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17
Q

what are the three classes of mechanoreceptors?

A

tactile receptors/touch receptors, baroreceptors/pressure, and proprioceptors/position

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18
Q

what do tactile receptors provide sensations of?

A

touch, pressure, and vibration

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19
Q

What is the root hair plexus?

A

made of free nerve endings that are stimulated by hair displacement

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20
Q

What is another name for tactile discs?

A

Merkel’s discs

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21
Q

What are Merkel’s discs?

A

fine touch and pressure receptors

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22
Q

What is another word for tactile corpuscles?

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

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23
Q

What are Meissner’s corpuscles?

A

they are sensitive to fine touch and pressure and to low frequency vibration

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24
Q

What are lamellated corpuscles/ pacinian corpuscles?

A

large receptors sensitive to deep pressure and to pulsing or high frequency vibration

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25
What are Ruffini corpuscles?
they are sensitive to pressure and distortion of the skin
26
What are baroreceptors?
provide information essential to the regulation of autonomic activity by monitoring changes in pressure
27
What are proprioceptors?
balance, positions, direction, found in ears
28
What are chemoreceptors?
receptors that pick up chemicals on the tongue
29
Where are taste receptors/ gustatory receptors located?
the surface of the tongue and adjacent portions of the pharynx and larynx
30
What are taste buds?
taste receptors and specialized epithelial cells that form from sensory structures
31
What are papillae?
the structures that protect the taste buds
32
what does each taste bud contain?
gustatory cells and supporting cells
33
What is the narrow opening that taste microvilli extend into?
taste pore
34
What are the four primary taste sensations?
sweet, salty, sour, and bitter
35
What are the two addition taste discovered in humans?
Umami and water
36
What are umami?
pleasant taste that is a characteristic of beef broth, chicken broth, and parmesan cheese
37
Where are water receptors present?
the pharynx
38
What are the accessory structures of the eye?
eyelids and exocrine glands, the superficial epithelium of the eye, structures associated with production, secretion, and removal of tears, and extrinsic eye muscles
39
What does the lacrimal apparatus do?
produce, distribute, and remove tears
40
what does the lacrimal gland?
tear gland, it provides most of the volume of tears
41
What is the lacrimal gland?
passageways that end at the lacrimal sac, tears enter in here
42
what are the six extrinsic eye muscles?
inferior rectus, medial rectus, superior rectus, lateral rectus, inferior oblique, and superior oblique
43
What is located in the posterior cavity?
the vitreous humor
44
What is located in the anterior cavity?
the aqueous humor
45
What is the ciliary body's function?
The ciliary body attaches to the iris
46
What is the suspensory ligament function?
Connects to the lens and holds it in place
47
Where are photoreceptors found?
The retina
48
What are the two types of photoreceptors?
Rods and Cones
49
What are rods?
don't discriminate among colors of light and enable us to see in dim lighting
50
What are cones?
Provide us with color vision, sharper images, and help us see in the light.
51
What is the macula lutea?
Place where the highest level or cones are found; where you want the light to hit your eye
52
What is the center of the macula lutea called?
the fovea
53
Rods and cones synapse with what types of cell?
bipolar cells
54
What is the blind spot's name?
optic disc
55
Which fluid fills the anterior chamber of the eye?
the aqueous humor
56
Which fluid fill the posterior chamber of the eye?
the vitreous humor
57
What do the vitreous humor do?
maintains the shape of the eye and holds the retina against the choroid
58
What is a focal point?
the point at which the light rays converge
59
What is accommodation?
the process of focusing an image on the retina by changing the shape of the lends
60
What are the rods and cones of the retina called?
photoreceptors
61
what do photoreceptors do?
detect photons
62
Equilibrium is provided by what part of the ear?
the inner ear
63
What does equilibrium inform the body of?
position of the body, linear acceleration, and rotation
64
What are the three anatomical regions of the ear?
external ear, middle ear, and inner ear
65
What is included in the external ear?
the pinna, the external acoustic canal, and tympanic membrane
66
Which glands create wax?
ceruminous glands
67
What is included in the middle ear?
the malleus, incus, and the stapes
68
What is included in the inner ear?
cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals
69
What is the fluid inside the membranous labyrinth?
endolymph
70
What is the fluid that surround the membranous labyrinth?
perilymph
71
What is the first step of hearing?
Sound waves arrive at the tympanic membrane
72
What is the second step of hearing?
movement of the tympanic membrane causes displacement of the auditory ossicles
73
What is the third step of hearing?
movement of the stapes at the oval window establishes pressure wave in the perilymph
74
What is the fourth step of hearing?
pressure waves distort basilar membrane on way to round window
75
What is the fifth step of hearing?
vibration of the basilar membrane causes vibration of hair cells
76
What is the last step of hearing?
information about the region and intensity of stimulation is relayed to the cns over the cochlear branch of N VIII
77
What does N VIII stand for?
vestibulocochlear nerve
78
What are special organs?
organs found in specific areas
79
what are general organs?
organs spread throughout the whole body (skin)
80
what are photoreceptors?
light receptors
81
what is gustation?
taste
82
what is audition?
hearing
83
what is vision?
sight
84
what is olfactory/olfaction?
smell
85
what is adaptation?
sense of adapting to surroundings
86
true or false. Not all taste buds have papilla.
true
87
What are pacinian corpuscles?
sensitive to heavier pressure
88
What happens to the vitreous humor as we age?
it becomes more liquidy
89
What is the first place light enters the eye?
the cornea
90
what is the second place light enters the eye?
the aqueous humor
91
what is the third place light enters the eye?
the lens
92
what is the last place like enters the eye?
vitreous humor
93
How does the iris change the size of the pupil?
circular fibers constrict the pupil to make it smaller in bright light while straighter fibers dilate the pupil in dim light
94
What is the convergence of the eyes?
two pictures from each eye merge at a focal point to create one image
95
What colors do cones see?
colors like red, blue, yellow, etc.
96
What colors do rods see?
Blacks, greys, and whites
97
Which is considered visual activity? Cones or Rods?
cones
98
Which is consider night vision? Cones or Rods?
rods
99
true or false. the iris and ciliary body are muscles.
true
100
What is the first step to seeing?
Retina
101
What is the second step to seein?
Optic Disc
102
What is the third step to seeing?
Optic Nerve
103
What is the fourth step to seeing?
Optic Chiasma
104
What is the fifth step to seeing?
Optic Tract
105
What is the sixth step to seeing?
Thalamus
106
What is the seventh step to seeing?
Optic Radiations/ Nerve Tracts
107
What is the eighth step to seeing?
Occipital Lobe/ Visual Cortex
108
What is another name for swimmer's ear?
External Otitis
109
What is the function of the Eustachian Tube?
equalize pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane

Anatomy and Physiology Honors 2 (17 decks)

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