Intellectual Disability

Question 1

a condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that originates before the age of 22.

Answer 1

Intellectual Disability

Question 2

What are the intellectual disabilities?

Answer 2

Down Syndrome
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Developmental Delay

Question 3

Define intellectual disability

Answer 3

A condition characterized by limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that originates before the age of 22.

Question 4

A disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 and characterized by mental retardation and distinguishing physical features.

Answer 4

Down Syndrome

Question 5

the most common chromosomal form of ID, it is sometimes referred to as trisomy 21.

Answer 5

Down Syndrome

Question 6

named after John Langdon Down in 1886

Answer 6

Down Syndrome

Question 7

Previously known as mongolism.

Answer 7

Down Syndrome

Question 8

Who are the famous persons with Down Syndrome?

Answer 8

1. Madeline Stewart
2. Pablo Pineda

Question 9

Became the first professional model with Down Syndrome featured in high-profile publications and runways

uses her platform to advocate

Answer 9

Madeline Stewart

Question 10

First person with down syndrome to earn a major degree from a regular university in Spain, also earn ed degree a BA in Educ Psychology while working.

Answer 10

Pablo Pineda

Question 11

A condition occurring in a fetus or newborn due to utero ethanol exposure when the mother consumes alcohol during pregnancy.

Answer 11

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 12

Can lead to severe learning disabilities

Answer 12

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 13

It is on the severe end of the FASD, and is a lifelong condition and a leading cause of intellectual disability (higher than Down Syndrome and cerebral palsy)

Answer 13

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 14

Who are the famous persons with FAS

Answer 14

Jim Carey
Morgan Fawcett

Question 15

one of the most notable comedian of all time and experienced abandonment issues from his mother’s continuous drug and alcohol use into his childhood.

Answer 15

Jim Carey

Question 16

Is diagnosed with FASD. A tlingit flute plater with full musical albums, a public speaker, and a part of an NGO. He wants to help educate others about FASD, both native youth and people nationwide.

Answer 16

Morgan Fawcett

Question 17

Refers to a child who has not gained the developmental skills expected, compared to others of the same age.

Answer 17

Developmental Delay

Question 18

A neurodevelopmental disability that is only diagnosed in children less than 5 years of age.

Answer 18

Developmental Delay

Question 19

A temporary diagnose until the child is old enough to participate in standardized testing.

Answer 19

Developmental Delay

Question 20

Usually diagnosed to those who show significant delays in two or more of the following developmental domains:

Answer 20

1. Fine or Gross Motor Skills
2. Speech and Language
3. Social and Personal Skills
4. Daily Living

Question 21

Symptoms of DS Accrdg to ICD 10th R (2016)

FPFPBSTLH

Answer 21

● flat hypoplastic face with a
short nose
● prominent epicanthic skin
folds small low-set ears with
prominent antihelix
● fissured and thickened
tongue lack of joint ligaments
● pelvic dysplasia
● broad hands and feet
● stubby fingers
● transverse palmar crease
● lenticular opacities
● heart disease or congenital
heart malformations

Question 22

Symptoms of DS Barlow, Durand, and Hoffman (2017)

Answer 22

-folds in the corners of their upwardly slanting eyes
-flat nose
-small mouth with a flat roof tat makes the tongue protrude

Question 23

True or False patients with down syndrome have an estimated 5-30 fold increased risk for leukemia; most have symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease by age 40.

Answer 23

FALSE:

10 to 30-fold increased risk for leukemia.

Question 24

In terms of cognitive development, what is/are the symptoms of DS?

Answer 24

-Mild to moderate intellectual disability
-delays in speech and language development

Question 25

In terms of behavior of DS, what is/are the symtpoms?

Answer 25

-Stubbornness and tantrums -difficulty in paying attention obsessive and compulsive behaviors.

Question 26

These are the symptoms of FAS according from ICD. Enumerate (6)

Answer 26

Low Birth weight Failure to thrive Developmental Defects Organ Dysfunction Mental Deficiencies Poor Motor Coordination

Question 27

Symptoms of FAS according to Wilmshurst;. Clinical Features include (4)

Answer 27

- Central nervous system dysfunction -impaired motor coordination -overactivity -slow growth and unusual facial features

Question 28

Symptoms of FAS in terms of learning and thinking (3)

Answer 28

- poor judgment skills and understanding of choices - short attention span - difficulties in organizing and working toward a goal

Question 29

Symptoms of FAS in terms of socialization and behavior

Answer 29

- have issues wit controlling actions and emotions - have trouble getting along with others - easily taken advantage of

Question 30

What are the symptoms of developmental delay according DSM-5-TR

Answer 30

-the diagnosis is reserved for individuals under the age of 5 years when the clinical severity level cannot be reliable assessed during childhood. - the category is diagnosed when an individual fails to meet expected development milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning -applies to individuals who are unable to undergo systematic assessment of intellectual functioning, including children who are too young to participate in standardized testing. -requires reassessment after some time.

Question 31

Caused by chromosomal abnormality

Answer 31

Down Syndrome

Question 32

Causation of Down Syndrome according to Barlow, Durand, and Hoffman (2017)

Answer 32

- age of the mother increases, so does the chances of having a child with this disorder. NOTE: However, most children who are born with down syndrome are born to younger mothers. (reason? not clear)

Question 33

Other risk factors of Down Syndrome:

Answer 33

- teenage or young pregnancy -old age of parents -being carriers of the genetic translocations for down syndrome - having one child with Down Syndrome

Question 34

What are the 3 Main Types of Down Syndrome:

Answer 34

1. Trisomy 21 2. Mosaicism 3. Translocation

Question 35

This a type of down syndrome where there is an extra full copy of chromosome 21 in all cells due to nondisjunction.

Answer 35

Trisomy 21

Question 36

This a type of down syndrome where some cells have three copies of chromosome 21, others have two

Answer 36

Mosaicism

Question 37

This a type of down syndrome where part of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome.

Answer 37

Translocation

Question 38

Fetal alcohol syndrome happens when a person consumes alcoholic drinks during pregnancy. List the results how it happens:

Answer 38

- alcohol can affect and kill cells in different parts of the fetus causing abnormal physical development. -alcohol constricts blood vessels causing a shortage of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. -toxic byproducts of alcohol can concentrate in the baby's brain cells and cause damage.

Question 39

Causes of Developmental Delay

Answer 39

-Genetic or hereditary conditions like Down Syndrome -Metabolic Disorders like phenylketonuria (PKU) -Trauma to brain (e.g., shaken baby syndrome) -Severe psychosocial trauma (PTSD) -exposure to certain toxic substances like prenatal alcohol exposure or lead poisoning. -some severe infections -deprivation of food or environment.

Question 40

Intervention for Down Syndrome

Answer 40

1. Task Analysis 2. Sign Language alongside Spoken Language 3. Augmentative Strategies 4. IEPs 5. Occupational and Physical Therapy 6. Inclusive Education 7. Socialization Programs 8. Parental and Peer Support

Question 41

This intervention is broken into its components and people are taught each part in succession until they can perform the whole skill.

Answer 41

Task Analysis

Question 42

Example(s) are picture books, teaching the person to request by pointing to a picture.

Answer 42

Augmentative Strategies

Question 43

Tailor goals to meet child's unique needs

Answer 43

IEP

Question 44

Builds motors skills and promote independence

Answer 44

Occupational and Physical Therapy

Question 45

Mainstream classrooms with support that foster social skills

Answer 45

Inclusive Education

Question 46

Encourage interaction with peers, promote social skills, and foster sense of belongingness

Answer 46

Socialization Programs

Question 47

Educates and involves family members and peers.

Answer 47

Parental and peer Support

Question 48

Increases verbal skills, improves functional communication, as well as emotional and behavioral functioning

Answer 48

Applied Behavior Analysis

Question 48

What are the interventions for FAS

Answer 48

Applied Behavior Analysis Speech, Physical, and Occupational Therapy Special Education Vocational Rehabilitation Life Skills Training

Question 49

Can help with walking, talking, and social skills

Answer 49

Speech, Physical, and Occupational Therapy

Question 50

Helps with learning and behavioral issues

Answer 50

Special Education

Question 51

Helps with independence, problem solving, and decision making.

Answer 51

Life Skills Training

Question 52

What are the interventions for Developmental Delay

Answer 52

- Physical Therapy - occupational therapy - speech and language therapy - special education - behavioral therapy

Question 53

This intervention for developmental delay is helpful for children with delays in gross motor skills.

Answer 53

Physical Therapy

Question 54

This intervention for developmental delay addresses fine motor skills, sensory processing, and self-help issues.

Answer 54

Occupational Therapy

Question 55

This intervention for developmental delay addresses problems in the areas of understanding and producing language and speech sounds

Answer 55

Speech and Language Therapy

Question 56

Provides stimulation for early developmental skills, including play skills.

Answer 56

Special Education

Question 57

Needed in some children for behavioral difficulties that are socially appropriate behaviors.

Answer 57

Behavioral Therapy