L1 Intro Flashcards by Miller Enrile

is one who deviates from
the normal child in mental, physical, emotional,
and social characteristics to the extent that
he/she requires special educational services.

Exceptional Children

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TRUE or FALSE

Exceptional children are those children who have learning disabilities, sensory impairments, and behavioral problems.

FALSE

Although the information is correct, it not only them.
Exceptional Children are those who experience difficulties and those who are so superior that modifications in curriculum and instruction are necessary

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an inclusive term that refers to children with
learning and/or behavior problems, children with
physical disabilities or sensory impairments, and
children who are intellectually gifted or have a special
talent

Exceptional Children

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Enumerate the definitions of Exceptional Children

an inclusive term that refers to children with learning and/or behavior problems, children with physical disabilities or sensory impairments, and children who are intellectually gifted or have a special talent

An exceptional child is one who deviates from
the normal child in mental, physical, emotional,
and social characteristics to the extent that
he/she requires special educational services.

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Who are the exceptional children

Children with special academic, intellectual, social and psychoemotional needs due to physical, sensory, cognitive, and behavioral
disability needing special care, attention, and
education for better adjustment.

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Enumerate the categorization of Special or Exceptional Children

Sensory Defects
Mental or Intellectual Disorders
Behavioral Disorders
Neurological Defects
Physical/Physiological Defects

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blindness, deafness, muteness, speech handicapped, hearing handicapped, visual handicapped.

Sensory Defects

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Aggressive or conduct disorder
Socially Withdrawn

Behavioral Disorders

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ASD, ADHD, LD

Neurological Defects

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Congenital Diseases, Cerebral Palsy, Cleft Palate, Crippled/Pollio Victim

Physical/Physiological Defects

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Early beliefs centered on
superstitions, witchcraft and
generally not a supportive
environment for someone with disabilities.

Early History

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Who and what era?

Were the first individuals to
work with children with
intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Toward the end of this era,
many institutions were in
existence in the United
States.

Jean-Marc Itard, Edouard Sequin;

19th Century: Era of Institutions

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Who and what era?

Started programs for students with hearing
impairment and deafness

Dr. Thomas Gallaudet

19th Century: Era of Institutions

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Isolated classes for students with disabilities were started in the United States

Early 20th Century: Era of Public School Classes

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In 1992, __________ was founded in order to organize teachers who were working to help children with exceptionalities

Council for Exceptional Children

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the post-WWII era saw the beginnings of special programs for children with exceptionalities. This era included the civil rights movement for our country.

1950s and 1960s: Era of
Legislation and National Support

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many lawsuits, class
action suits, and laws were
established to provide services for students with disabilities

1970: Era of Normalization, Child Advocacy, and Litigation

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1990:

Era of Rededication, Redefinition, and Refinement

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Enumerate the 2 laws in the PH

RA 7277 (Magna Carta for Disabled Persons)

RA 9442 (PWD Act of 2007)

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RA 9442 is designed to…

RA 9442 was designed to ensure that all PWD are given equal opportunities in various sectors such as education, employment, healthcare, and social services. It mandates that public and private establishments make their facilities accessible to PWDs.

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Refers to categorizing individuals based on their
perceived differences, particularly in relation to
disabilities. This caninfluence how individuals
are treated and perceived by society.

Labeling

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TRUE OR FALSE

One of the ETHICAL CONCERNS is:

Labeling can have both positive and negative
effects. On the other hand, it can provide a framework for identifying and addressing
specific needs Also, labels can lead to stigmatization, low expectations, and
social exclusion.

True

TRUE OR FALSE

The way labels are used in educational settings
affects a child’s self-esteem and social relationships. Labels can limit a child’s potential if they are viewed solely through a deficit lens,
rather than considering their strengths.

TRUE

Impact on Identity

TRUE OR FALSE

Recent approaches to address the ethical concerns, labelling, and impact on identity is to use person second language.

FALSE, Person First Language

Involves presenting them in terms of both their challenges and strengths. This approach promotes a more holistic and respectful understanding of their individuality.

Describing People with Differences

A child with exceptionalities should be viewed through a lens that highlights their abilities, not just their challenges.

Holistic Descriptions

Describing children with differences involves using language that emphasizes the person first and avoids reducing them to a diagnosis. This aligns with the principles of inclusive education and helps foster an environment of acceptance and empowerment.

Inclusive Language

Descriptions should be tailored to each child, recognizing that every exceptional child is unique, and their needs may vary significantly.

Individualized Support

Involves integrating insights and methods from various fields of expertise (e.g., psychology, education, medicine, social work) to support children's disabilities in a holistic manner.

Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Children with Disabiltiies

Professionals from different disciplines—such as psychologists, special education teachers, social workers, and healthcare providers—work together to create a comprehensive support plan for exceptional children.

Collobartion

Ensures that all aspects of a child’s life, including cognitive, emotional, social, and physical development, are addressed.

Holistic Approach

Families are central to the multidisciplinary team, as they provide vital information and context for understanding the child’s needs and strengths.

Family Involvement

Assessment and diagnosis involve identifying and understanding the specific needs, strengths, and challenges of exceptional children to inform intervention strategies.

Assessment and Diagnosis

● Include cognitive assessments, behavioral observations, emotional evaluations, and adaptive functioning tests. ● The aim is to identify developmental, learning, and behavioral issues to help guide intervention

Types of Assessments

● Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for implementing effective interventions, especially for children with developmental or learning disabilities.

Importance of Early DIagnosis

● Psychologists, medical professionals, and special educators collaborate to ensure a well-rounded and comprehensive assessment process.

Professional Involvement

involves various stages designed to support exceptional children, from assessment through intervention and monitoring:

Components of Helping Process

Stages of the Helping Process

1. Assessment 2. Planning 3. Intervention 4. Monitoring

● Identifying the child’s needs, strengths, and challenges

Assessment

● Developing individualized education plans (IEPs) or intervention strategies.

Planning

● Providing therapeutic, educational, or social support to meet the child’s needs.

Intervention

● Regularly reviewing progress to ensure the child is receiving effective support.

Monitoring

Steps Information Processing Model

1. Children receive information from their sense (attention) 2. Information is processed through memory classification and reasoning abilities (thinking) 3. Children respond to information through output (responses) : speaking, writing, motor response, dancing, running, social interactions,

In interaction of heredity and environement Pre-1960:

Heredity determines intelligence

In interaction of heredity and environment 1960:

Environement determines intelligence

In interaction of heredity and environement Around 1990

Heredity and environment interact.

International project intending to identify all human genes and make them available for further biological studies. Goal was accomplished in 2003

Human Genome Project

What are the families reaction when their child has exceptional need

Shock or Loss Denial Guilt Anger Sadness Adjustment Severe Depression (before adjustment)

Intervention power provided to family, and the entire family is unit of support for intervention

Family Centered Model

Intervention -interactions with environment. -modify learning and improve the environement

Ecological Model

A “meeting place” between the cultural goals and expectations of the family and those of the professionals who work with the child.

Cultural Reciprocity

The general gap in ability or performance between the child with disabilities and his/her peers.

Inter-Individual DIfferences

A major variation in the abilities or development of a single child.

Intra-individual Differences