Intelligence Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is the Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
measure of ONE aspect of intelligence by an IQ test
it does NOT define intelligence
It is a standardised score
Intelligence is h……
hypothetical - not directly measurable or observable
Intelligent people possess high levels of…
metacognition (an understanding and use of the way a person thinks when solving problems, reasoning, planning and decision making)
Who proposed the multiple intelligence theory?
Howard Gardner
8 types of intelligence according to Gardner
- Spatial
- Naturalist
- Musical
- Bodily-kinaesthetic
- Linguistic
- Intra-personal
- Inter-personal
- Logical-mathematical
Psychometric intelligence
Views intelligence as a map of the mind - based on factor analysis
Calculation for psychometric intelligence
Verbal ability (100) + Numeral ability (130) ——-> General intelligence = (100+130)/2 = 115
Biological model of intelligence
Physiological e.g. number of neural pathways and synapses - structure and function of the brain and how that increases intelligence
More neural pathways = smarter
Brain structure is…..
Heritable. Brain size is not all hereditary however.
How can you increase brain size?
Learning difficult skills can increase the volume of grey matter in the brain
What is the heritability coefficient?
How much intelligence correlates with genetics
It is estimated to be a moderate correlation of 0.4 to 0.51
Why is it important to contextualise our intelligence?
Because intelligence is relevant to the culture
People in different cultures have different ideas about what it means to be ‘smart’ or adapt to one’s environment
Human Genome Project
Different forms of genes relate to variation in scores on IQ tests between different people
Depends on contribution of genetics but also on the interaction with the environment
What do mathematically gifted adolescents possess?
A specific functional organisation ability
- they have stronger processing in the right cerebral hemisphere and greater communication and brain activation between cerebral hemispheres
5 environmental influences that enhance intelligence
- A healthy living environment
- Good educational opportunities
- Family and community who talk and interact with children
- Pregnancy free of toxins and illnesses
- No head injuries or trauma
3 environmental influences that restrict intelligence
- Extreme poverty
- Inadequate or very limited education
- Little or no parent instruction or talking in the home during early childhood
What does the reaction range refer to?
Refers to the amount by which the interaction between hereditary and the environment can increase or decrease IQ scores
Interaction may increase or decrease by 10-25 IQ points
Howard Gardner’s additional 2 intelligences
- Spiritual intelligence - master abstract concepts about consciousness and state of being
- Existential - ability to think about meaning of life, death and love
Critique of Howard Gardner’s theory
the types of intelligence he identified tend to correlate with each other, meaning that, they may be aspects of the same thing.
has not yet developed measuring techniques for assessing different kinds of intelligence
Information processing theory
Developed to how the human mind works
What does the information processing model focus on
Understanding specific cognitive processes
How we measure processing information
3 ways of measuring processing information
- Speed of processing
- Knowledge base
- Ability to learn and apply mental strategies
The information processing model states that intelligence is a ____ rather than a ___
process rather than a measurable quantity
What is the knowledge base?
Amount of information stored in working or long-term memory is related to intelligence
