Intelligence - 2 Flashcards
How are intelligent tests described to be?
-Valid and reliable psychological tests
How may different types of intelligent tests differ?
- Some use words and numbers
- Some use cultural knowledge
- Some use shapes/designs
- Some avoid cultural knowledge
- Some measure reaction time
- Some measure pattern recognition
What can the performance of one type of test indicate?
- Good performance in one test correlates with performance in other types of tests
- Scores on intelligent test consistently remain the same underlying level of general intelligence
What is IQ?
- Coined by William Stern (1912)
- Index of intelligence derived from scoring intelligence tests
How can IQ be calculated?
- (mental age/chronological age) x 100
- calculated using percentile rankings which are then converted to equivalent IQ scores and projected onto a normal distribution curve
Why are intelligence tests scrutinised?
-Intelligent tests assess different potentials but produce just a single score
How are Intelligence tests divided?
-Divided into performance tasks and verbal tasks
What do performance tasks assess?
-assess non-verbal reasoning, perceptual reasoning, inductive reasoning, problem solving, processing speed, pattern recognition etc
What are examples of performance tasks?
- picture completion
- block design
- matrix reasoning
- object assembly
What do verbal reasoning tasks entail?
-given a text (one or more paragraphs)
and asked a series of questions. These may be true/false,
explicit or implicit multiple choice, or meta multiplechoice
What does verbal reasoning test?
-understanding & comprehension inference and critical analysis
What does arithmetic test?
-immediate memory & calculation
What does digit span measure?
-term auditory memory & focus
What does reverse digit span and letter-number sequencing test?
-short-term memory, attention & ability to manipulate information in short term memory
What type of scores and results do intelligence tests provide?
- normally distributed scores (bell curve)
- mean of 100
- SD of 15
What are typical IQ scores UK?
- Most people have IQ of 70-130
- 68% of population have score (85-115)
- 5% have IQ over 125
- 2% have IQ over 132
- Below 70 indicates disability
Who is WAIS, WASI, WISC and WPPSI for?
- WAIS - Healthy adult
- WASI - concentration issues due to brain injury
- WISC - children
- WPPSI- children in pre school or primary school
How are WAIS, WASI, WISC and WPPSI delivered?
- One to one format
- via educational psychologist
- only available to qualified practitioners
Who is Stanford-Binet test for and how many sub-tests?
- 2 to 85
- 10
What is advantage of Stanford-Binet compared to Weshcler Test?
-Cheaper
What type of test is Raven’s Progressive Matrices?
- non-verbal
- Abstract
What does Raven’s Progressive Matrices entail?
- Timed test
- Consist of 60 matrices
- get progressively harder
- In person or online
- People of different languages can do it
- People with sensory or hearing impairments such as aphasia
How is Cattell’s Culture Fair IQ Test designed?
-designed to avoid knowledge specific to any culture
What is NART and how is it used?
- National Adult Reading Test (NART)
- Used to determine intelligence before they got dementia
- delivered by psychologist
- subject is shown a word on a card from a list of 50 words written in British English which have irregular spelling. They are then asked to read and correctly pronounce the word
- Scores can be converted to WAIS.
- should not be used if patient has dyslexia or cerebral damage affecting language ability, or by non English speakers.
