Personality

Question 1

What is meant by personality?

Answer 1

• Traits that are stable across time and situations

- Preferences on certain ways of behaving

Question 2

What can affect personalities?

Answer 2

-The situation you are in can help determine your behaviour

Question 3

What is the fundamental attribution error?

Answer 3

-Individuals tendency to overemphasise internal characteristics in explaining behaviour rather than external factors

Question 4

What is actor-observer bias?

Answer 4

-People overestimate role of situation and underemphasise personality

Question 5

How many dimensions of personality are there?

Answer 5

-5

Question 6

What is the percentage of variance and what is the explanation for this?

Answer 6

• 50% variance

- Explained by genetic factors

Question 7

What external factor also plays a role in personality?

Answer 7

-Environment

Question 8

What should be aware of when determine inherited characteristics?

Answer 8

-Beware what is inherited are more likely to be limits around set points rather than absolute characteristics.

Question 9

What are the 5 dimensions of personality?

Answer 9

• Extraversion
• Agreeableness
• Conscientiousness
• Neuroticism
• Openness

Question 10

What statistical technique determines personality?

Answer 10

• Factor analysis

Question 11

What is extraversion?

Answer 11

-How sociable and “loud” someone is

Question 12

What is agreeableness?

Answer 12

-How easy it is to get along with someone

Question 13

How does agreeableness depend?

Answer 13

• How agreeable you want a person will depend on the situation
• eg lawyer doctor

Question 14

What is personality disorder determined by during assessment?

Answer 14

-behaviour

Question 15

What is meant by Conscientiousness?

Answer 15

-how hard working someone is

Question 16

What are issues with conscientious people?

Answer 16

• they have difficulty relaxing

- see everything in life as a task

Question 17

What is issue with unconscientious people?

Answer 17

-Have difficulty focusing on the task

Question 18

What is Neuroticism?

Answer 18

-having the tendency to think negatively and think of the word in a negative way

Question 19

What is non-neurotic?

Answer 19

-Think positively

Question 20

What is advantage to neuroticism?

Answer 20

• see threats quicker
• more balanced decisions made
• increases survival likeliness

Question 21

-What is negative of neuroticism?

Answer 21

-more likely to have depression at some point in your life

Question 22

What is openness?

Answer 22

-Willingness to explore new things

Question 23

What is negative of openness?

Answer 23

-more exposure to risk

Question 24

How is personality assessed?

Answer 24

-Self report questionnaire

Question 25

What is potential problem with self-report questionnaire?

Answer 25

- do not know if it is truthful response

Question 26

What are the three forms of personality based outcomes?

Answer 26

- Individual - Interpersonal - Social/Interpersonal

Question 27

What is social well-being comprised of?

Answer 27

- A cognitive component | - An emotional component

Question 28

What is the cognitive component?

Answer 28

- personal judgement on life satisfaction

Question 29

What is the emotional component?

Answer 29

-The experience of positive and absence of negative emotions

Question 30

How does extraversion and neuroticism affect the way people see things?

Answer 30

- people high in extraversion and low in neuroticism tend to see events and situations in a more positive light

Question 31

What factors are related to happiness?

Answer 31

- extraversion | - neuroticism

Question 32

How are demographic factors related to well-being?

Answer 32

-weakly/moderately related

Question 33

Examples of demographic factors?

Answer 33

- age - sex - marital status - employment

Question 34

What do personality traits have a stable effect on?

Answer 34

- health - longevity - those with more meaningful and longer relationships are more likely to live longer

Question 35

What does low agreeableness appear to correlate?

Answer 35

-predicts poorer health

Question 36

What traits leads to better health?

Answer 36

- extraversion (want to live longer, make and keep friends) | - conscientious

Question 37

What is conscientious associated with?

Answer 37

-Reduced physical and mental health risk

Question 38

What is neuroticism associated with?

Answer 38

-Increased physical and mental health risk

Question 39

What is empathy a combination of?

Answer 39

- extraversion - agreeableness - emotional regulation

Question 40

What is empathy best predicted by?

Answer 40

-best predicted by low neuroticism

Question 41

What personality traits can affect negative relationship outcomes?

Answer 41

-Neuroticism and low agreeableness

Question 42

What does conscientiousness predict?

Answer 42

-work performance across occupations

Question 43

How does agreeableness affect job performance?

Answer 43

-Relates to job performance when a teamwork is important

Question 44

What is years of education related to?

Answer 44

-intellect, or openness

Question 45

What traits perhaps indicate how one feels about work?

Answer 45

- extraversion | - emotional stability

Question 46

What is emotional stability related to?

Answer 46

-Financial stability

Question 47

What is low conscientiousness consistently associated with?

Answer 47

-criminal/anti social behaviour

Question 48

What is low agreeableness and low conscientiousness associated with?

Answer 48

- Low agreeableness, and low conscientiousness

Question 49

What traits improve as you age?

Answer 49

- age conscientiousness and emotional stability | - agreeableness

Question 50

What decreases across lifespan?

Answer 50

- openness