Mental disorder and Offending Behaviour

Question 1

What is the myth regarding people with schizophrenia?

Answer 1

-They are more violent than the general public

Question 2

When do psychiatrists get involved?

Answer 2

• When offender is known mentally disordered - are they on meds, is crime a result of mental illness
• When offence is unusual or odd - necrophilia - fucking a corpse
• When a person needs treatment - if they need urgently or if they can wait

Question 3

What are two clinical skills in the field of forensic psychology?

Answer 3

• Assessment & Treatment of Mental Disorder

- Assessment of aggression and violence, then assisting others in understanding

Question 4

What are two clinicolegal skills?

Answer 4

• Utilizing understanding of medical and legal concepts to map one onto the other
• Assisting Legaland in the psychological understanding of violent behaviour

Question 5

What are three types of violence?

Answer 5

• Reactive
• Instrumental
• Sadistic

Question 6

What is meant by reactive violence?

Answer 6

-Violence as a result of anger, fear and danger

Question 7

What is meant by instrumental violence?

Answer 7

-Violence to reach a desired outcome (political. financial, profit)

Question 8

What is meant by sadistic violence?

Answer 8

Enjoyment in violence

Question 9

What are CU traits?

Answer 9

• Callous-unemotional traits

Question 10

What do children with CU traits develop?

Answer 10

• Anti social disorder
• Psychopathy
• Due connection issues in neural pathway in amygdala
• Less able to recognise facial expressions like fear
• Can manipulate others

Question 11

What is the genetic mediated deficiency that is observed?

Answer 11

• MAOA deficiency

- leads to increased violence and aggression

Question 12

What is purpose of orbito frontal cortex?

Answer 12

-Involved in ethics and philosophy

Question 13

What is orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction observed in?

Answer 13

-Observed in individuals with Anti Social Personality disorder (ASPD)

Question 14

What specific region of brain is observed in PET scan?

Answer 14

-Frontal Lobe

Question 15

What are the observations found in PET scan?

Answer 15

• Reduced metabolism in frontal lobe
• Associated with aggression, violence and murder
• Scans in individual who commit these crimes

Question 16

What is reduced frontal lobe perfusion associated with?

Answer 16

-Antisocial behaviour

Question 17

Describe case of Phineas Gage

Answer 17

• Spike through and through his frontal lobe
• Caused behavioural changes
• Angry, swearing more irritable
• However after few months, behaviour recovered
• Lived till long age (60s 70s)
• Shows that behaviour is not always due to neuroanatomy

Question 18

What are 5 sub factors of social factors?

Answer 18

• Economic and health
• Familial
• Peer
• Societal
• school

Question 19

Example of economic and health factors

Answer 19

• Poverty
• Unemployment
• Chronic physical
• Mental illness

Question 20

Example of familial factors

Answer 20

Parental inadequacy, criminality
Intra-family violence
Large family size
Child abuse and neglect

Question 21

Example of peer factors

Answer 21

-Antisocial/delinquent peers/gang membership

Question 22

Example of school factors

Answer 22

-Low educational ability and academic attainment

Lack of parental involvement

Question 23

Example of societal factors

Answer 23

• Inequality – access to education, housing
• Prejudice
• Poor support network and lack of social cohesion

Question 24

What is the correlation between adverse childhood experience and crime?

Answer 24

-Four or more ACEs increase risk of conviction for repeated and severe violence

Question 25

What is correlation between child hood trauma and crime?

Answer 25

-Admission for childhood trauma increases risk of violent offending in both sexes

Question 26

How does victimology relate to crime?

Answer 26

Is a relationship with the victim a key factor in this violence? Is victim random What was purpose of crime and was it achieved Is this a repetition of childhood trauma?

Question 27

What are the other factors when looking at criminals?

Answer 27

- History - Mental State - Environment

Question 28

What is relationship between psychosis and violent offence?

Answer 28

- Psychosis higher in those prisoners with violent offence than in those with non-violent offences - Also more likely to be victims of crime as well

Question 29

What is relationship between schizophrenia and violence?

Answer 29

-10% of schizophrenic patients report a -violent act in 12 month period in comparison to 2% of those w/o mental disorder

Question 30

What are stronger factors for violence regardless of mental state?

Answer 30

- male - 15-30 - Socioeconomically deprived - Past Hx of violence

Question 31

Who are most likely to be victims of homicide?

Answer 31

- Family members/ known to perpetrator - 75% of cases, victim known to perp - Or as a result of bar brawl

Question 32

What is infanticide?

Answer 32

- Mother becomes psychotic or depressed and kills her kid in first year of birth - 66% of all infant related murders are infanticide

Question 33

What are 3 charges for homicide?

Answer 33

- Murder - Manslaughter - accidental murder - Infanticide

Question 34

What is TCO?

Answer 34

- Threat/Control Override Psychotic Symptoms - Symptoms describe a patient's feeling of being "gravely threatened by someone who intends to cause harm" and of an override of self-control through external forces - Violence becomes more likely when mentally ill individuals feel threatened-

Question 35

What is arson?

Answer 35

- Fire setting crime - Intent unknown - Common in young men under 18

Question 36

What is pathological fire-setting?

Answer 36

Preoccupation with subjects related to fire

Question 37

What is pyromania?

Answer 37

Pleasure/satisfaction with fire setting

Question 38

What is other reasons for arson?

Answer 38

-Hide evidence of crime | ]Insurance scams

Question 39

What is association between stalking and mental illness?

Answer 39

-High

Question 40

What is stalking?

Answer 40

-Unwanted contact / communication following threats assault phone calls/texts

Question 41

Characteristics of stalkers?

Answer 41

- Majority of stalkers known to victims - 80-90 percent are male - 80 percent victims are female - Mean age is mid 30s

Question 42

What are 5 types of stalkers?

Answer 42

- Rejected - Resentful - organisations or workplace - Intimacy seeker - wanna clart and in love - Incompetent suitor - lust and loneliness and then leave them - Predatory

Question 43

What is contact sex offence?

Answer 43

-

Question 44

What is contact sen offence?

Answer 44

-Sex assault against children or adults -rape

Question 45

What is non-contact sex offence?

Answer 45

- Exposing online offenders | - Dick pic

Question 46

What is relationship between mental health disorders and schizophrenia?

Answer 46

- Strong association between the risk of sexual offending and - Personality disorder - Child and adolescent disorders (conduct, ADHD) - Learning disability

Question 47

Define serial murder

Answer 47

-The unlawful killing of two or more victims by the same offender(s), in separate events

Question 48

Define mass murder

Answer 48

-4 or more in the same incident, with no distinctive time period between the murder

Question 49

Define spree murder

Answer 49

-2 or more murders committed by an offender or offenders, without a cooling-off period.

Question 50

Fixated murder

Answer 50

-isolated loners pursuing idiosyncratic quests or grievances to an irrational degree

Question 51

Define terrorism

Answer 51

-the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to create terror among masses of people; or fear to achieve a religious or political aim

Question 52

What are different types of personality disorders?

Answer 52

Antisocial Personality Disorder Psychopathy (technically an empathy disorder) Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder Paranoid Personality Disorder