intelligence and cognition- 1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
what is intelligence
a very general capability that mong other things, involves the ability to: reason, plan, solve problems.
Galton- created…
a standardised test for rating a persons intelligence. introduced correlation applied it to human differences including intelligence.
Galton hypothesised that intelligence…
correlate with observable traits- hereditary genius. is human ability hereditary.
galton coined the term…
eugenics- concerned with race betterment, he later aimed to remove genes from the population through forced sterelisation.
charles spearman
factor analysis and intellignece- posited that a latent factor exists that explains these correlations- this factor is known as g.
what is spearmans g?
general intelligence: cognitive ability, mental ability and IQ- summarises correlations across different cognitive tasks.
alfred binet
sought to help people find an objective way to identify those who need additional help- simon-binet intelligence scales.
the WAIS- weschler adult intelligence test
looked at matrix reasoning- shown pictures, choose which part is missing from this picture.
the block design test
participants are given a set of coloured blocks and cards with increasingly complex designs. They must use the blocks to construct copies of the designs.
figure weights
what shapes are needed to make an equal weight.
digit span backwards
psychologist reads 583914 and examinee says 419385
letter number sequencing
psychologist reads p9h5c7 and the examinee says 579 chp- so sequence the phrase into letters and numbers.
coding
get given a key with symbols and numbers that correlate to them.
vocabulary
what does chair mean? what does presumptious mean?
similarities
what do two word have in commone- a painting and a symphony.
three level hierachy of mental ability test scores
the optimal way of representing the statistical associations amongst the individual tests.
individual level/specific factors
very specific ability needed to do well on each test.
level 3 of hierachal of mental ability
general intelligence- almost half of the variance among this group of participants appeared to be due to general mental ability required to perform.
level 2 of the hierachy for mental ability
narrowr types of mental ability which relate to specific type of mental work.
level 1 of hierachy of mental ability
specific ability to do well on specific task.
warne & burningham 2019
using an explanatory factor analysis mongst non-western nations found similar to the western sample- so spearmans g is universal phenomenon.
