Intelligence Cognition Flashcards
“Mental processes involved in acquiring, storing, retrieving, and using information” defines:
Cognition
Intelligence is defined by 5 factors:
1- how fast/easily we learn (Knowledge acquisition)
2- how easily/accurately we retain information (Memory)
3- how easily we connect ideas & facts (Abstract thinking)
4- how easily/creatively we apply our knowledge to new situations (Problem-solving)
5- ability to act purposefully, think rationally, deal with our environment (Adaptation to environment)
Heritability estimates?
[0.5 , 0.72] → 50% to 72% of intelligence is due to genes
Twin studies?
IQ of identical twins (whether separated or not) are (or almost) identical
Adoptees?
No correlation between IQ of adopted child and IQ of adoptive parents (breaks down environmental factor)
What is the difference in IQ level between children with little human contact VS children with normal human contact?
[30 , 50] points difference
What is the cumulative effects of environmental disadvantage?
Older deprived children should do worse on IQ tests than their younger siblings (1 point per year for ten years between 5 and 16 years of age)
Adopted children’s environments affect the children how?
Disadvantaged adoptees put in better homes usually out-perform their pre-adoptive peers
What is the Flynn effect? (3 facts)
1- A purely innate general intelligence should be stable over generations
2- Intelligence is not stable
3- Standardization samples for major IQ tests score higher than predecessors (18 IQ points)
What did Charles Spearman observe?
People bright in one area are usually bright in other areas also
General ability =
G factor (all intellectual functions)
Specific abilities =
S factors
What is Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence?
1- Componential Intelligence (traditional IQ)
2- Experiential Intelligence (creative thinking and problem-solving)
3- Contextual Intelligence (street smarts
What are Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory categories?
1- Musical 2- Bodily-Kinesthetic 3- Interpersonal 4- Verbal-Linguistic 5- Logical-Mathematical 6- Naturalistic 7- Intrapersonal 8- Visual-Spatial
EQ =
Emotional intelligence
What was Daniel Goleman’s theory?
Being highly intelligent is no guarantee of success in life. A person’s emotions can be just as important as their cognitive intelligence.
How was IQ measured in the past?
IQ = Mental age ÷ Chronological Age x 100
What is Deviation IQ?
Compares a person’s score to others of the same age
Describe the range of intelligence
Majority of people are average; about 2% are superior and/or intellectually impaired (lower)
What are the 3 characteristics of a good IQ test?
1- Validity
2- Reliability
3- Standardization
In a 1916 Stanford-Binet IQ test for 12-year-olds, what 6 things did it test?
1- Vocabulary 2- Practical Problem Solving 3- Grammar 4- Interpretation 5- Similarities 6- Memory
David Wechsler’s Intelligence Scale for Children tests which 5 things?
1- Verbal comprehension 2- Visual spatial 3- Fluid reasoning 4- Working memory 5- Processing speed
What are the uses and abuses of IQ tests?
Iq scores can predict academic achievement and success of individuals, and relate to job performance, income, social status and education completeness. However, they are not culture-fair intelligence tests (some abuse of the test scores to diminish the intelligence of minorities).
The validity of a test refers to its?
Ability to measure what it claims to measure
