Interactions

Question 1

Competition that involves direct interaction between individuals

Answer 1

Interference Competition

Question 2

A condition where there is a limited supply of resources

Answer 2

Resource Limitation

Question 3

Competition that takes place when members of the same species compete

Answer 3

Intraspecific Competition

Question 4

Competition that happens between individuals of two species that reduces the fitness of both

Answer 4

Interspecific Competition

Question 5

Competition involving the use of limited resources

Answer 5

Exploitative Competition
or
Resource Competition

Question 6

Who studied and what organism was used to study intraspecific competition among plants?

Answer 6

Tilman & Cowan (1989)
Sarghasum nutans

Question 7

A process among plants where the more biomass of a plant, the fewer the individuals

Answer 7

Self-Thinning

Question 8

Who studied and what organism was used to study intraspecific competition in animals?

Answer 8

Denno & Roderick (1992)
Prokelsia marginata (planthopper)

Question 9

Who studied and what organism was used to study interference competition among terrestrial isopods?

Answer 9

Grosholz (1992)
Porcello scaber

Question 10

States that two species with identical niches cannot coexist indefinitely

Answer 10

Competitive Exclusion Principle

Question 11

Who helped ensure a prominent place for the niche concept in modern ecology?

Answer 11

G.F. Gause (1934)

Question 12

A niche where an organism faces no competitors

Answer 12

Fundamental Niche

Question 13

A niche where an organism faces competitors

Answer 13

Realized Niche

Question 14

Who linked differences in beak size and form among Darwin’s finches to differences in their feeding niches?

Answer 14

David Lack (1947)

Question 15

Darwin’s finch that eats larger seeds

Answer 15

Geospiza magnirostris
Large Ground Finch

Question 16

Darwin’s finch that eats medium-sized seeds

Answer 16

Geospiza fortis
Medium Ground Finch

Question 17

Darwin’s finch that eats small seeds

Answer 17

Geospiza fulginosa
Small Ground Finch

Question 18

Who studied and what organisms were used to study niche overlap and competition between barnacles?

Answer 18

Joseph Connell
Balanus balanoides
Chthamalus stellanus

Question 19

The circumstance in which two species differ more from each other in geographic areas where they occur together than where their distributions do not overlap

Answer 19

Character Displacement

Question 20

Speciation that occurs when a species separates into two separate groups which are isolated from one another

Answer 20

Allopatric

Question 21

Speciation that occurs when there are no physical barriers preventing any members of a species from mating with another, and all members are in close proximity to one another

Answer 21

Sympatric

Question 22

Interaction that enhances the fitness of one individual while reducing the fitness of another

Answer 22

Exploitative Interaction

Question 23

Organisms that live on the tissues of their host, often reducing its fitness but not killing it

Answer 23

Parasites

Question 24

An insect whose larva consumes its host and kills it in the process

Answer 24

Parasitoid

Question 25

A parasite that changes the behavior of its amphipod host

Answer 25

Acanthocephalans

Question 26

A plant process where it grows tall quickly

Answer 26

Bolting

Question 27

A plant pathogen that mimics flowers by producing pseudoflowers and promotes reproduction by the fungus

Answer 27

*Puccinia monoica*

Question 28

Who proposed the overpopulation theories which suggested that periods of high population growth are followed by several factors

Answer 28

Lloyd Keith (1963)

Question 29

Cyclic abundance in response to the number of prey and predators

Answer 29

Numerical Response

Question 30

Cyclic abundance in response to the differences in kill rate and predation

Answer 30

Functional Response

Question 31

Situations in which members of an exploited population have some protection from predators and parasites

Answer 31

Refuges

Question 32

A response resulting in increasing rates of food intake as prey density increases

Answer 32

Predator Functional Response

Question 33

Occurs when very high prey population densities increase an individual's likelihood to survive predation and exploitation

Answer 33

Predator Satiation

Question 34

Behavioral effects of predators on prey populations as a result of prey avoiding high-risk situations

Answer 34

Ecology of Fear

Question 35

A response that states that functional response is determined only by the abundance of prey

Answer 35

Prey-dependent Functional Response

Question 36

A response that states that the rate of prey consumption is determined by the ratio of prey numbers to predator numbers

Answer 36

Ratio-dependent Functional Response

Question 37

Interactions between individuals of different species that benefit both partners

Answer 37

Mutualism

Question 38

A mutualistic relationship wherein one benefits while the other is neither benefited or harmed

Answer 38

Commensalism

Question 39

A mutualistic relationship wherein one can live with or without their mutualistic partner

Answer 39

Facultative Mutualism

Question 40

A mutualistic relationship wherein one or both are critically dependent on their partner for survival

Answer 40

Obligate Mutualism

Question 41

Who was the first to correctly recognize that mycorrhizae involve a mutualistic relationship between plants and fungi?

Answer 41

Albert Frank (1885)

Question 42

Ants with a mutualistic relationship with bullhorn acacias

Answer 42

*Pseudomyrmex spp*

Question 43

Mutualists that give and receive measurable benefits to another organism

Answer 43

Successful Mutualists

Question 44

Mutualists that give benefits to another organism but, for some reason, do not receive any benefit in return

Answer 44

Unsuccessful Mutualists

Question 45

Mutualists neither giving nor receiving benefits from a mutualistic partner

Answer 45

Nonmutualists

Question 46

Two common types of mycorrhizae

Answer 46

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Ectomycorrhizae