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General Ecology > L3: Life on Water > Flashcards

L3: Life on Water Flashcards

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1
Q

The 6 major aquatic environments

A

Ocean
Shallow Marine Waters
Marine Shores
Transitional Environments
Rivers and Streams
Lakes

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2
Q

The 3 major oceans

A

Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean

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3
Q

The deepest part of the Mariana’s Trench and its depth

A

Challenger Deep
11,035 meters

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4
Q

The 6 horizontal zones of the ocean

A

Pelagic
Epipelagic
Mesopelagic
Bathypelagic
Abyssopelagic
Hadalpelagic

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5
Q

The topmost horizontal layer of the ocean

A

Pelagic Zone

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6
Q

Region between high and low tidal marks in the pelagic zone of the ocean

A

Littoral or Intertidal Zone

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7
Q

Region from low tide mark and slopes gradually down

A

Neritic Zone

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8
Q

Region spanning from the lower neritic zone to the rest of the ocean floor

A

Oceanic Zone

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9
Q

Up to 200 meters, receives sunlight enough for photosynthesis

A

Epipelagic Zone
Euphotic Zone

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10
Q

Up to 1000 meters, receives not enough sunlight for photosynthesis

A

Mesopelagic Zone
Dysphotic Zone

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11
Q

Up to 4000 meters, does not receive sunlight

A

Bathypelagic Zone
Aphotic Zone

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12
Q

Up to 6000 meters deep

A

Abyssopelagic Zone
Aphotic Zone

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13
Q

Up to 10000 meters, the deepest parts of the ocean

A

Hadalpelagic Zone
Aphotic Zone

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14
Q

The 3 vertical zones of the ocean

A

Euphotic
Dysphotic
Aphotic

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15
Q

The temperature profile of the ocean where there is a transition between warmer and cooler water

A

Thermocline

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16
Q

Occurs when warm and cold waters mix through currents, winds, and tides

A

Thermal Stratification

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17
Q

Rotating oceanic currents affected by prevailing winds

A

Gyres

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18
Q

How many and what are the gyres in the northern hemisphere?

A

2 gyres
North Pacific Gyre
North Atlantic Gyre

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19
Q

How many and what are the gyres in the southern hemisphere?

A

3 gyres
South Pacific Gyre
South Atlantic Gyre
South Indian Ocean Gyre

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20
Q

Occurs when winds displace surface water, bringing cool water from deep parts of the ocean to the surface

A

Upwelling

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21
Q

How many phyla and endemic phyla are in the ocean?

A

28 phyla
13 endemic

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22
Q

Some species here have bioluminescent and chemosynthetic adaptations

A

Ocean

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23
Q

Human Influences:
- Whale killing
- Krill harvesting
- Overfishing
- Chemical pollution
- Garbage patches

A

Ocean

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24
Q

Aquatic environments divided into kelp forests and coral gardens

A

Shallow Marine Waters

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25
Shallow Marine Waters: Found near shores and along temperate regions
Kelp Forests
26
The 5 layers of a kelp forest
Canopy Epiphytes Water Column Understory Encrusting
27
The 4 structures of kelp
Blade Air Bladder Stipe Holdfast
28
These have an ideal growth temperature of less than 10C
Kelp Forests
29
Shallow Marine Waters: Located within 30 latitude and along tropical regions
Coral Gardens
30
The 3 categories of coral reefs (Charles Darwin)
Fringing Barrier Atoll
31
A category of reefs where growth is seawards from the shore
Fringing
32
A category of reefs where there is separation from shore by water, forming a lagoon
Barrier
33
A category of reefs where a circular area of water is surrounded by the reef
Atoll
34
A reef zone which is the area between the shore and the highest point of the reefs
Reef Flat Zone
35
A reef zone which is the highest point of the reefs
Reef Crest Zone Algal Ridge
36
A reef zone that extends deep with a formation of corals and stabilizes the reef
Buttress Zone
37
These have an ideal growth temperature of 18-20C
Coral Gardens
38
These are algae with a symbiotic relationship with corals
Zooxanthellae
39
How much of Philippine corals are destroyed?
60%
40
Occurs when corals are stressed or dying due to unfavorable temperature and salinity
Coral Bleaching
41
Aquatic environments found in shorelines
Marine Shores Intertidal Zones
42
The 5 vertical zones of marine shores
Splash Zone Upper Intertidal Zone Middle Intertidal Zone Lower Intertidal Zone Subtidal Zone
43
Term for tides that consist of one high and low tide per day
Diurnal Tides
44
Term for tides that consist of two high and low tides per day
Semidiurnal Tides
45
Term for tides that occur when the sun and moon are aligned in a straight line
Spring Tide
46
Term for tides that occur when the sun and moon are aligned perpendicularly
Neap Tide
47
The 3 zones in Marine Shores where there is a zonation of species
Splash Zone Intertidal Zone Low-Tide Zone
48
Human Influence: - Shell middens - Shellfish harvesting - Devastation of habitats - Exploitation - Oil spills
Marine Shores
49
Aquatic environments where freshwater and saltwater meet
Transitional Environments
50
Term used for water that is slightly salty due to the mixture of freshwater and saltwater
Brackish
51
A transitional environment where rivers or streams meet the ocean
Estuaries
52
A transitional environment constantly flooded and drained by saltwater brought in by tides
Salt Marshes
53
A transitional environment that consists of trees that can tolerate saltwater
Mangrove Forests
54
A transitional environment not connected to the ocean but found along the boundaries of freshwater sources and may be flooded or dry throughout the year
Freshwater Wetlands
55
Examples of modern cities where there is urban development along transitional environments
New York City Boston
56
Aquatic environments found everywhere
Rivers and Streams
57
An area where river networks drain
River Basin
58
High points of land that separate river basins
Watershed
59
A structure of rivers and streams where there is a transition to terrestrial environments
Riparian Zone
60
A vertical zone of rivers and streams where there is an interaction between groundwater and channel water
Hyporheic Zone
61
A structure of river used to determine its order
Stream Order
62
This aquatic environment's oxygen content is inversely correlated to temperature
Rivers and Streams
63
The most diverse river basin in the world
Amazon River Basin Over 2000 species
64
A river once devastated by pollution, now restored
River Thames
65
Aquatic environments found anywhere but concentrated in the north
Lakes
66
A concentration of lakes found near each other
Lake Districts
67
The largest lake district in the world
The Great Lakes
68
The 5 lakes in The Great Lakes
Superior Michigan Huron Erie Ontario
69
A horizontal zone of lakes found closer to land
Littoral Zone
70
A horizontal zone of lakes found further from land
Limnetic Zone
71
A vertical zone of lakes with the highest sunlight and warmer water
Epilimnion
72
A vertical zone of lakes with factors changing rapidly with depth
Metalimnion
73
A vertical zone of lakes with cold, dark water
Hypolimnion
74
A lake color with high nutrients and primary production and often shallow
Deep Green
75
A lake color with acidic water caused by forest soils leaching
Yellow-Brown
76
A lake color with low nutrients and biological activities and often deep
Blue
77
What are the water movements in lakes?
Spring & Fall: Whole Summer: Isolated Winter: None, top water frozen
78
Term used for young lakes with little to no landfill, low bio production, and high oxygen content
Oligotrophic
79
Term used for middle-aged lakes with moderate landfill
Mesotrophic
80
Term used for old lakes with significant landfill, high bio production, and low oxygen content
Eutrophic
81
Occurs due to biological activity being inversely correlated to oxygen content
Eutrophication

General Ecology (13 decks)

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