internal factors Flashcards
(22 cards)
ethos
refers to the character atmosphere or climate of a school
includes-
- all pupils valued
- emphasis on mainly academic success or sports
- equal opportunities
- parents actively encouraged to get involved
- school = friendly, happy, respectful relationships
hidden curriculum
ethos of a school is supported by the HC as well as FC
in contemporary Britain, many parents will assess a schools suitability for their children in terms of its ethos and whether it produces high educational standards
halo effect
a teacher who has formed a good impression if a student in one way e.g. seeing them as polite
Waterhouse - pivotal identity
once labelled this becomes a core identity which teachers use to interpret and reinterpret events
:- SFP
Becker
Ideal pupil
Hempel - Jorgenson
pupils discovered a similar concept to an ideal pupil as a teacher would
Becker & Rist
social class of students and conforming to middle class influence teacher labelling
Gillborn
the ideal pupil stereotype held by teachers favours those who are white and that many teachers don’t see black students as academically successful
Hartley & Sutton
the ideal pupil stereotype is more likely to be applied to girls (indian/asian)
Rosenthal & Jacobson
produced useful evidence of the SFP. they found if teachers had positive views of students they tend to be more successful
banding
pupils put into ability bands and often to ensure each school had pupils representing a balance of each ability
streaming
splitting pupils into several mixed ability groups which would stay together for all lessons
setting
putting pupils of similar abilities together for certain lessons
Bolton
argued teachers don’t take mixed abilities effectively. he argued “most teachers aim for middle ability and bottom are left behind”
subjects such as PE and English neglect setting and everyone is combined
Ball’s study
1981 - he found top stream students were encouraged to achieve highly and to follow academic courses to study
lower stream students were encouraged to follow lower status practical courses :- achieved lower levels of academic success
Gillborn & Youdell study
They argue that schools perform a triage categorising pupils into -
1) those who will achieve regardless of help
2) hopeless and borderline cases who require attention and input just to get a 5s at GCSE
this linked to the pressure on schools to maintain their position on league tables and the published A*-C rate.
:- could be seen as a connection between education policy e.g. league tables and processes within schools e.g. labelling
subcultures
groups of students who share some norms, values and behaviour, which give them a sense of identity and provide them with status thru peer groups.
pro school
students who conform to the academic aims, ethos and rules of a school.
can be linked to students in upper streams and sets who are valued and rewarded and given status
Sewell
found a pro school subculture among some black pupils who sought to achieve academic success and avoid racist stereotyping and labelling by conforming.
conformist 41%
innovator 35%
retreatist 6%
rebels 18%
anti school
consists of groups of pupils who rebel against the schools’ norms and values for various reasons and develop an alternative anti school identity.
made up with a set of delinquent values, attitudes and behaviour in opposition to the academic aims, ethos and rules of a school
Mac an Ghail
Examines relationships between schooling, class, masculinity and sexuality. Found a range of anti school subcultures
- macho lads who were hostile to school authority
- academic achievers who were W/C background
- new enterprisers who rejected traditional academic curriculum
Jackson
studied ladettes- whit W/C masculine norms. she found that laddish behaviour had benefits such as making students seem cool and popular and argued this was a response to the fear of failure
