Internal Hardware Components & The Stored Program Concept Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are internal components of the CPU?
-The processor
-Main memory
-I/O Controllers
-Buses
What are external ponente of a computer system?
-keyboard
-mouse
-printer
-disk drives
What is the Stored Program concept?
-Instructions are stored in main memory
-Instructions are fetched, decoded and excecutable serially by the processor
-Programs can be moved in and out of main memory
What is Main memory?
Main memory holds the current programs that are being excecutable
Main memory also hold the current data being processed
Main memory is temporary memory(Volatile)
Data transferred to main memory from secondary memory when needed
What is Secondary Memory?
Permanent storage of data and programs
Much slower that main memory
Examples : Hard disk, CD Drive,DVD Drive
What does addressable memory consist of?
Instructions and data
What is the role of the processor
-The processor executes instructions and controls the operation of all components
-The processor executes instructions by repeating three operations(FDE cycle)
What is the definition of Buses and name the three separate buses?
A set of parallel wires connecting two or more components e.g the data,address and control bus.
How does the address bus respond when processor want to read a word of data from memory?
-It firsts put address of desired word on address bus
-Width of the address bus determines the max capacity.
-Address bus is also used to address other peripherals.
What does the data bus consist of?
Typically consists of 8,16 or 32 separate lines
Proves bi directional line for moving data and instructions between system components
Width of the data bus is a key factor to determining overall system performance
What does the control bus consist of?
-Bidirectional bus
-Data and address buses shared by all components
-Comaand signals specify operations to be performed
What are characteristics of I/I controllers?
Peripherals can’t be connected directly to to the processor
Processor controls and communicated with peripherals through an I/O or device controller.
Consists of three parts: Interface,set of data,Interface
What is the definition of word?
Refers to a fixed-sized group of bits that are handled as a unit by the processor.
What are five factors affecting processor performance?
-Cores
-Cache
-Clock speed
-Buswidth
-WordLength
What are the different registers in the FDE cycle?
-MAR
-PC
-MBR
-CIR
What are the stages of the Fetch part of the FDE cycle?
-Contents of PC transferred to MAR
-Address bus transfers this address to main memory, contents of memory location loaded into MBR and transfer of content used the data bus.
Increment contents of PC simultaneously
MBR transfers content to CIR
What are the stages of the Decode part of the FDE cycle?
Decided instructions held by CIR
Control unit decodes the instruction
Instruction split into oppose and operand
What happens in the Excexute part of the FDE cycle?
-If necessary data is fetched
-The oppcode identifies the type of instruction it is
-Excecute instruction by relevant part of processor
-Result stored in accumulator
What is the control unit responsible for?
-To control the operation of fetch-excecute cycle
-Controls fetching operations
-To excecute instructions
-To send control signals to other components
What is an interrupt
An interrupt is a signal sent to the processor by another part of the computer requesting the attention of the processor
What are characteristics of VON NUEMANN ARCHITECTURE?
-It is an ancient computer architecture based on the stored program concept.
-Same physical memory address is used for instructions and data.
-Two cycles are required to excecute a single instructions
-It is cheaper on code
-CPU can’t access instructions and read/write at same time.
What are characteristics of the HARVARD architecture?
-It is modern computer architecture which separates physical memory address used for instructions and data.
-An instruction is excecute duna. Single cycle
-It is more costly that Von Neumann
-CPU can access instructions and read/write at same time.
