Internal Migration Flashcards
(12 cards)
Rural to Urban Migration
Migration from rural areas to urban areas
Mainly found in developing countries
Britain experienced this (along with many other now-developed countries) in the 18th and 19th century
It was the industrial revolution that caused rural to urban migration as there were more jobs available
Push Factors (Rural to Urban)
Unemployment
Lack of services + amenities
Flooding
Pull Factors (Rural to Urban)
Potential for employment
Better service provision
Better quality of life
Safer
Stepped Migration
Stepped migration is essentially a migrant migrating from a rural area to a large urban area, but splitting this into smaller steps at a time
Reasons for Stepped Migration
Less overwhelmed
Culture shock
Make money en route to big city
Confidence
Gradual move away from family
Builds up skill as you work en route to big city so you can get a job in city
New personal contacts
Urban to Rural Migration
The movement of people from urban areas, such as cities, to smaller settlements in rural towns and villages
This means it isn’t stepped (normally), so people don’t move first to smaller urban towns before moving further out
Reasons for Urban to Rural Migration
Low quality of life in the city - less space + more crime
High cost of living + house prices
You can work from home so you don’t need to live in the city
Good transport so commuting to the city is possible
Less pollution
Why Urban to Rural Migration doesn’t happen in LICs
Cities are still industrialising so people want to live there for job opportunities
There is greater disparity between rural and urban areas in LICs so quality of life in cities is better
Intra-urban movements in HICs - middle class
Born in suburbs
Move to city for work as an adult before moving out of the CBD after you have made some money
You continue to move further out through life, into outer suburbs then countryside to retire
Intra-urban movements in HICs - working class
Born in inner city and move towards industrial area as an adult to work
After making more money you move away from city centre into outer suburbs and retire there as it is cheaper than countryside
Intra-urban movements in LICs
Rural to urban migration as a child as parents need to work
Work in a factory for early career before working in services to earn more money for better housing
Stay in services for rest of career and move closer to CBD for better housing
Reasons for Urban to Urban Migration
Students move from city to city for university or school
Job relocation
More job opportunities + services in big cities than small cities
Cost of living is lower in smaller cities
Family in other cities
