Internal Parasites Flashcards
(64 cards)
1
Q
Direct Life Cycle
A
No intermediate host needed for developement to infective stage
1
Q
Indirect Life Cycle
A
Intermediate host needed for developement to infective stage
2
Q
Intermediate Host
A
Host that supports the immature or non-reproductive form of a parasite
3
Q
Paratenic / Dead-end Host
A
Host where parasite has no further developement
4
Q
Definitive Host
A
- Final host
- Hosts the sexually mature adults
5
Q
Prepatent Period
A
Period between parasitic infection and time where parasite can be detected in blood/feces
6
Q
Roundworms
A
- Ascarids
- “Toxocara”
- Located in small intestines
7
Q
Roundworm Transmission
A
- Egg ingestion
- Mom to babies via embryo transfer or nursing
8
Q
Roundworm Symptoms
A
Puppies / Kittens
* vomiting
* diarrhea
* enlarged abdomen
* dull haircoat
Adults
* no clinical signs or diarrhea
Rare
* intestinal blockage
* anemia
9
Q
A
Roundworm
10
Q
Roundworm Treatment
A
- Fenbendazole / Panacur
- Pyrantel
11
Q
Roundworm Zoonosis
A
Humans are paratenic hosts
* visceral larval migrans (liver / lungs)
* ocular larval migrans (eye)
12
Q
Roundworm Prevention
A
- Remove feces and clean kennels
- Proper hygiene
- Deworming mom prior to breeding
13
Q
Hookworms
A
- Strongyloidea
- “Ancylostoma”
- Located in small intestines
14
Q
A
Hookworm
15
Q
Hookworm Transmission
A
- Ingestion of larva
- Larva penetration into skin
- Mom to babies via embryo transfer or nursing
16
Q
Hookworm Symptoms
A
- Anemia
- Diarrhea
- Underweight
- Distended abdomen
- Poor hair coat
- Inappetence
- Dermatitis from penetration into skin
17
Q
Hookworm Treatment
A
- Fenbendazole / Panacur
- Pyrantel
18
Q
Hookworm Zoonosis
A
Humans are paratenic hosts
* cutaneous larval migrans (skin)
19
Q
Hookworm Prevention
A
- Remove feces and clean kennels
- Proper hygiene (don’t walk barefoot)
- Deworm mom prior to breeding
20
Q
Intestinal Threadworms
A
- Strongyloides spp.
- Located in intestines
- “club-shaped” larva
21
Q
A
Threadworm
22
Q
Whipworms
A
- Trichuroidea
- “Trichuris”
- Found in cecum and colon
23
Q
A
Whipworm
24
Whipworm Transmission
Ingestion of eggs from contaminated environment
25
Whipworm Symptoms
* Can be asymptomatic
* Colitis / Diarrhea
* Weight loss
* Anemia
26
Whipworm Prevention
* Remove feces and clean kennels
* Avoid contaminated areas - can survive in soil for months-years
27
Stomach Worm
* Spiruroidea
* "Physaloptera spp."
* Found in stomach lumen and small intestines
28
Types of Nematodes
* Roundworms
* Hookworms
* Intestinal Threadworms
* Whipworms
* Stomach Worms
* Heartworms
29
Types of Trematodes
* Intestinal fluke
* Lung fluke
30
Intestinal Fluke
* Alaria spp.
* Non-pathogenic
31
Lung Fluke
* Paragonimus spp.
* Found within the lungs
* Transmitted by eating snails or crayfish
32
Cestode Body Parts
Scolex
* head
* 2-4 muscular suckers +/- hooks
Rostellum
* snout
* on top of head
Strobila
* body
Proglottids
* segments of body that pass into environment
* make up different stages of maturity (immature by neck)
33
Cestode Types
Tapeworms
* Dipylidium
* Taenia
34
Dipylidium caninum
* Transmitted: flea ingestion
* Symptoms: asymptomatic
* Treatment: Praziquantel / Drontal
| Tapeworm
35
Dipylidium caninum
36
Taenia spp.
* Transmitted: infected rabbit/hare ingestion
* Treatment: Praziquantel / Drontal or Fenbendazole / Panacur
| Tapeworm
37
Taenia spp.
38
Types of Pseudotapeworms
* Spirometra spp.
* Diphyllobothrium spp.
39
Spirometra spp.
* "Zipper" Tapeworms
* Transmission: ingestion of amphibian or
mammalian paratenic hosts
40
"Zipper" Tapeworm
41
Broad Fish Tapeworm
* Diphyllobothrium spp.
* Transmission: ingestion of fish
42
Broad Fish Tapeworm
43
# Define
Protozoa
* Single-celled organism
* One or more membrane-bound nuclei
* Contain DNA and specialized cytoplasmic organelles
44
Protozoa Organelles
* Flagella - long, whiplike structures
* Cilia – short flagella arranged in rows or tufts
* Pseudopodia – temporary extensions and retractions of the body wall
* Undulatory ridges – small, snakelike waves that form in the cell membrane and move posteriorly
45
Protozoa Life Stages
* Trophozoite
* Cyst Stage
46
Trophozoite
| Protozoa Life Stage
* Vegetative form
* Capable of eating, moving, and reproduction
* Too fragile to survive transfer to new host
* Not infectious
47
Cyst Stage
| Protozoa Life Stage
* Metabolic functions suspended
* Cyst wall prevents drying out
* Transmitted to new host in this form
48
Giardia
* Flagellated protozoa
* Symptoms: asymptomatic to diarrhea
* Transmission: ingestion of cysts passed in feces
* Treatment: Fenbendazole / Panacur and Metronidazole
49
Giardia Trophozoite
50
Giardia Cyst
51
Giardia Diagnosis
* Cyst - fecal float with zinc sulfate
* Trophozoite - direct smear
* Fecal immunodiagnostics
52
Giardia Prevention
* Provide clean water
* Bathe to remove fecal debris
53
Trypanosoma cruzi
* Chagas Disease
* Transmitted by the "kissing bug" - defecates by feeding spot on host
* Zoonotic - contact with contaminated blood
54
Trypanosoma cruzi
55
Leishmania spp
* Transmitted: sand fleas
* Zoonosis: dogs act as reservoir for human disease
56
Leishmania spp
57
Coccidia
* Isospora
* Found in small intestines
* Not zoonotic (species specific)
58
Coccidia Symptoms
Puppies / Kittens
* diarrhea
Adults
* asymptomatic
59
Coccidia Transmission
* Ingestion of sporulated oocyst from soil
* Ingestion of mammalian paratenic host
60
Coccidia
61
Coccidia Treatment
* Albon
* Ponazuril
62
Toxoplasma gondii
Transmission
* eating undercooked meat
* ingestion of oocytes from cat feces (cleaning litter box or gardening)
Zoonotic
* generally not an issue for healthy people
* fetuses of pregnant women can be affected
63
Cryptosporidium spp.
* Transmission - ingestion of eggs from feces (cows)
* Zoonotic - bad diarrhea
