International Development Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is meant by the term development?
Development means how advanced or improved a country is in terms of wealth, health education and quality of life for its people.
What is meant by the term poverty?
Poverty means not having enough money or resources to meet your basic needs like food, clean water, shelter clothing and healthcare.
What is a development indicator?
A development indicator is a measurement used to show how developed a county is. Indicators can measure things like wealth, health, education, access to clean water etc.
What are examples of social indicators?
Social indicators are measurements that show the well being and the quality of life of people in a country. E.g life expectancy, literacy rate, infant mortality rate, doctors per 1000 people, school enrolment rate, access to clean water etc.
What are examples of economic indicators?
Economic indicators are measurements that show how wealthy or financially strong a country is. E.g GDP ( the total value of all goods and services a country makes in a year), gdp per capita (the average income per person), employment, poverty, unemployment rate
What is the development gap?
The difference in wealth, health, and quality of life between the world’s richest and poorest countries.
What is meant by the term inequality?
Inequality means that things are not shared fairly between people or groups. It’s when some people have more money,education or opportunities, and others have less.
E.g Gender inequality, income inequality, education inequality…
What are the ways the development gap can be reduced?
AID- Aid is the voluntary transfer of resources from one country to another. Resources that are given from the government of Pune country direct to the government of another is called BILATERAL AID and resources that are given from the by rich countries to supra-national organisations (a group of countries that work together and agree to follow some shared rules or decisions — even if it means giving up a little bit of their own control) to recipient countries, is called multilateral aid.
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT- is when businesses in one country put money into businesses in another country. It is not aid- it is a commercial transaction with a view to making profit
MODERN TECHNOLOGY- Introducing modern farming methods, solar power, or clean water systems———> helps improve health and incomes with less cost.
EDUCATION- Helping people learn new skills so they can get better jobs
What is HDI?
Human development index is a combination of both social and economic indicators. Part of HDI is life expectancy, years in education and GDP per capita which are both social and economic.
What are historic factors that have contributed towards the development gap?
colonialism- European countries took resources and land from Africa Asia and South America, leaving those countries poorer.
Late industrialism- some countries didn’t start developing factories and technology as early as others.
Slavery- Many African people were taken from their homes which disrupted their societies and economies.
What are political factors that have contributed towards the development gap?
Corruption- Leaders who steal money meant for schools, hospitals or roads
Conflict and war- Damages homes, roads and hospitals and stops development
Unfair trade deals- Rich countries sometimes pay very low prices for goods from poorer countries
What are geographical factors that contribute to the development gap?
Landlocked countries- Countries with no coastline can struggle to trade easily
Climate- Very hot or dry places may have poor farming conditions
Natural disasters- Earthquakes, floods or hurricanes can destroy homes and cost money to fix.
