World Population

Question 1

What is the definition of birth rate, death rate, fertility rate, replacement fertility rate, life expectancy?

Answer 1

Birth rate- the number of babies born per 1000 people in a country per year
Death rate- the number of people who die per 1000 people in a country per year
Fertility rates- the average number of children that one women has in their lifetime
Replacement fertility rates is the number of children each woman needs to have so that the populations stays the same
Life expectancy- the average number of years a person is expected to live

Question 2

What is the relationship between population growth and consumption?

Answer 2

As population grows, consumption increases

Question 3

What are the influences of different factors on fertility rate?

Answer 3

Improvement in healthcare- lowers fertility rates because as healthcare improves, child mortality rates decreases so families feel more secure that their children will survive.
Reduction in child mortality- strongly lowers fertility rates because in societies where child survival is high, parents typically have few children because the emotion and economic risk of child loss is low.
Economic development- generally leads to lower fertility rates because in wealthier societies children are more expensive to raise and opportunity cost of childbearing increases.
Urbanisation- lowers fertility rates because urban life comes with limited living space, high cost of living and greater access to education and jobs
Increased Gender Equality- significantly reduces fertility rates because when women have access to education and employment, the tend to delay childbirth and empowered women often have more control over the use of contraception, spacing of births.