International History Flashcards
(13 cards)
What four ideas did Wilson propose in 1912 for the survival of humanity and post-war peace?
- International association for nations to join
- Guarantee of rights for all peoples
- International sanctions against aggressors
- Remove munitions manufacturing from private profit-making
What speech did Wilson give in May 1916 and what did it emphasize?
Wilson outlined causes of war such as secret diplomacy and arms races. He emphasized:
• Consent of peoples before territory transfer
• Need for international organization to ensure peace
Why did Wilson’s peace initiatives fail by April 1917?
The USA abandoned neutrality and joined the war. Wilson feared loss of credibility as a peacemaker, but neither side was interested in truce talks.
What was the main trigger for the USA entering WWI in April 1917?
The resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany, starting 31 January 1917.
How did Germany hope unrestricted submarine warfare would help them win the war?
By cutting off Britain’s supplies and forcing surrender before US materials could arrive in significant numbers.
What actions did Germany take in February-March 1917 regarding submarine warfare?
Sank several US ships with U-boats, despite Wilson severing diplomatic ties on 3 February 1917.
What were Wilson’s concerns about German-Americans?
He suspected espionage and sabotage. Although some actions were exaggerated, they increased suspicion and resentment.
What happened at the Black Tom’s Munitions Plant in 1916?
A major explosion caused $20 million in damage. German saboteurs were blamed, though never tried.
What was the Zimmerman Telegram?
A secret German proposal to Mexico for an alliance if the USA entered the war, offering Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico in return.
Why was the Zimmerman Telegram significant?
Though Mexico did not act, the proposal outraged Wilson and gave him a pretext to declare war.
When did the USA declare war on Germany and why?
April 1917. Wilson saw no choice after repeated provocations, including submarine attacks and the Zimmerman Telegram.
How did U-boat attacks affect the Allies in early 1917?
1 million tons of Allied shipping were sunk in February and March, threatening their war effort.
Why did Wilson believe the USA had to be involved in peace negotiations?
He realized only nations that had fought in the war would influence the post-war settlement.
