Marcus Garvey Flashcards
(14 cards)
Who was Marcus Garvey and when was he born?
Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican-born Black nationalist and Pan-Africanist, born on 17th August 1887 in St. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica.
What was the UNIA and when was it founded?
The Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) was founded by Garvey in June 1917 to promote Black nationalism and Pan-African unity.
How did W.E.B. Du Bois view Marcus Garvey?
Du Bois famously said Garvey was “the most dangerous enemy of the Negro race in America and in the world.”
What was the Negro World?
It was a journal launched by Garvey to promote his African nationalist ideas.
How large was the UNIA by 1919?
It had 30 branches and over 2 million members.
What did Garvey advocate in terms of race relations in America?
He promoted separation over integration, arguing African Americans should aim for independence rather than equality with white Americans.
What slogan did Garvey use to promote Black pride?
“Black is Beautiful.”
What was the ‘Back-to-Africa’ movement?
A movement led by Garvey encouraging African Americans to return to Africa or create their own state.
What did Garvey mean by ‘Africa for the Africans at home and abroad’?
He supported global African unity and the decolonisation of African countries from European rule.
What role did Garvey assume at the 1920 UNIA conference?
He was elected the provisional president of Africa.
What businesses did Garvey found to support Black economic independence?
He formed the Black Cross Navigation and Trading Company, Negro Corporations Company, and the Black Star Line shipping company.
Why did Garvey’s business ventures fail?
Despite raising $10 million, mismanagement and fraud led to bankruptcy.
Why was Garvey arrested and what was he charged with?
In 1925, he was arrested and charged with mail fraud related to the Black Star Line.
What happened to Garvey after his imprisonment?
His sentence was commuted by President Calvin Coolidge in 1927, and Garvey was deported to Jamaica.
