Interpreting Erythrograms Flashcards
anemia
decrease in RBCs
manifested as a decrease in Hb, PCV/HCT, RBC count
clinical manifestations of anemia
lethargy
weakness
increased RR
increased HR
pale mm
classifications of anemia
bone marrow response
based on etiology
based on erythrocyte indices
bone marrow response
regenerative
non-regenerative
etiology classifications of anemia
hemolysis
hemorrhage
iron deficiency
production disorders
erythrocyte indices classifications of anemia
cell size
Hb concentration
regenerative anemia
bone marrow synthesizes RBCs
results from hemorrhage or hemolysis
reticulocyte count > than normal
response can take 3 - 5 days
non-regenerative anemia
decreased production of RBCs by bone marrow
lack of EPO
defect in erythropoiesis
hemorrhage causes
trauma
neoplasia
coagulopathies
hemolysis
intravascular vs extravascular
secondary to infections, toxins, immune-mechanisms, metabolic causes
extravascular hemolysis
within hepatic and splenic macrophages
IgG mediated
plasma can be icteric
all animals with hemolytic anemia
intravascular hemolysis
complement mediated lysis (IgM)
plasma will be pink
urine may appear red
iron can be lost
poorer prognosis
non-regenerative anemia
decrease in RBC mass secondary to decrease in RBC production
lack of reticulocytosis
mechanisms of non-regenerative anemias
suppression of erythropoiesis
dyserythropoiesis
assessing regeneration
reticulocyte enumeration (peripheral blood)
bone marrow biopsy/aspiration
normocytic anemia
normal MCV
most non-regenerative anemias
microcytic anemia
low MCV
iron/copper deficiency
dyserythropoiesis
microcytic anemia
high MCV
regenerative anemias
normochromic anemia
normal MCHC
most non-regenerative anemias
hypochromic
low MCHC
hyperchromic
high MCHC
always artifact
erythrocytosis/polycythemia
HCT/PCV above the normal range
erythrocytosis clincal signs
sludging of blood
congestion of retinal blood vessels
purple mm
seizures
thrombosis
headaches in people
types of erythrocytosis
relative
absolute
+/- transient
