Renal Phys & UA Flashcards
(30 cards)
what is the functional unit of the kidney
nephrons
what are the primary functions of the kidney
control water/electrolyte levels
maintain hydrogen ions for blood pH
conserve nutrients
eliminate metabolic waste and end products to nitrogen metabolism
produce renin, EPO, prostaglandins, and Vitamin D activation
what is renal threshold
plasma level at which a substance first appears in urine
why do females have a higher UTI risk
shorter and fairly straight
oliguria definition
decreased urine production
polyuria definition
increased urine production
anuria definition
no urine production
4 main components to a urinalysis
- gross visual exam
- urine concentration
- biochemical evaluation
- sediment analysis
what is included in a visual assessment of urine
volume, color, turbidity, and odor
what test measures renal concentrating ability
urine specific gravity
isothenuria definition
SPG 1.008-1.012
urine neither concentrated or diluted
hyposthenuria definition
SPG < 1.008
dilute urine
hypersthenuria definition
SPG > 1.030
concentrated urine
will animals in renal failure be able to concentrate urine
no
will animals in renal failure be able to dilute urine
yes
what can influence urinary pH
diets, UTI, drugs, retention, fever, exercise
is finding protein in dilute urine more or less clinically significant than finding protein in concentrated urine
more significant
pathological causes of proteinuria
UTI, PLN, multiple myeloma, inflammation/fever
conditions that might cause ketones to be present in urine
starvation, insulin deficiency/resistance
conditions that might cause glucose to be present in urine
diabetes, fear/stress, drugs
is finding bilirubin in urine of dogs and bovine always pathogenic
no
hematuria definition
intact RBCs in urine
pellet out with centrifugation
myoglobinuria definition
presence of myoglobin in urine due to muscle cell damage
remains red post centrifugation
hemoglobinuria definition
free hemoglobin in urine
supernatant remains red post centrifugation
