Intervention and services in the global and UK context Flashcards
Mental disorders are the _____ leading cause of ‘years lost to disability’
a. 5th
b. 7th
c. 10th
d. 3rd
b. 7th
Mental disorders are the 7th leading cause of …?
‘Years lost to disability’
7th leading cause of ‘years lost to disability’
Mental disorders
What are the 2 types of mental disorders with most years lost to disability globally?
- Depression
- Anxiety disorders
Depression followed by anxiety disorders are the mental disorders with …?
The most years lost to disability globally
_____ live with a mental health condition
a. 1/3
b. 1/4
c. 1/6
d. 1/8
d. 1/8
What is the global prevalence of mental health conditions?
13%
True or False?
Anyone can have mental health conditions; however, some groups are more vulnerable
True
Anyone can have mental health conditions; however, some groups are more vulnerable
Give at least 5 examples
- Children at socioeconomic disadvantage / poverty
- Ethnic minorities
- Learning/physical disabilities
- LGBTQ+ people
- Prison population
- Carers
- Refugees
- Individuals from war/conflict zone
- Looked-after children
- Survivors of sexual abuse / violence
- Isolated older people
- Older people in care homes
While effective interventions exist to treat mental disorders, the gap between need for treatment and its provision is wide in all countries
This is known as…?
Treatment gap
What is a treatment gap?
While effective interventions exist to treat mental disorders, the gap between need for treatment and its provision is wide in all countries
Proportion of people who received any treatment in the UK were:
____ % of moderately severe cases of mental disorder
a. 35%
b. 45%
c. 50%
d. 20%
a. 35%
Proportion of people who received any treatment in the UK were:
35% of ________ cases of mental disorder
a. moderately severe
b. extremely severe
c. mild
d. no
a. moderately severe
Proportion of people who received any treatment in the UK were:
_____% of severe cases of mental disorder
a. 70%
b. 80%
c. 55%
d. 65%
d. 65%
Proportion of people who received any treatment in the UK were:
65% of ______ cases of mental disorder
a. moderately severe
b. (extremely) severe
c. mild
d. no
b. (extremely) severe
Proportion who received any treatment in the previous 12 months:
11% of severe cases in ___
a. China
b. Nigeria
c. UK
d. USA
a. China
Proportion who received any treatment in the previous 12 months:
___% of severe cases in China
a. 15%
b. 22%
c. 11%
d. 7%
c. 11%
Proportion who received any treatment in the previous 12 months:
____% of severe cases in Nigeria
a. 44%
b. 21%
c. 18%
d. 9%
b. 21%
Proportion who received any treatment in the previous 12 months:
21% of severe cases in ____
a. China
b. Nigeria
c. UK
d. USA
b. Nigeria
Proportion who received any treatment in the previous 12 months:
59% of severe cases in ____
a. China
b. Nigeria
c. UK
d. USA
d. USA
Proportion who received any treatment in the previous 12 months:
____% of severe cases in USA
a. 25%
b. 92%
c. 72%
d. 59%
d. 59%
More than ____% of the world’s population live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)
85%
More than 85% of the world’s population live in _______ countries (LMICs)
Low- and Middle-income
Depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and alcohol use disorders are
in the top 10 causes of health-related disability in …?
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)
What are the 4 causes that are in the top 10 causes of health related disability in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)?
- Depression
- Schizophrenia
- Bipolar disorder
- Alcohol use disorders
What are the 4 barriers to access to mental health care in low- & middle-income countries (LMIC)?
- Substantial lack of services and shortage of resources – mostly limited to large psychiatric hospitals
- Shortage of well-trained workforce and tools for detection of mental disorders
- Financial cost to families (direct and indirect)
- Perceived barriers to professional helpseeking; e.g. No perceived need for care,
mental health stigma
- Substantial lack of services and shortage of resources – mostly limited to large psychiatric hospitals
- Shortage of well-trained workforce and tools for detection of mental disorders
- Financial cost to families (direct and indirect)
- Perceived barriers to professional helpseeking; e.g. No perceived need for care, mental health stigma
These are the 4 barriers to access to mental health care for…?
a. High-income countries (HIC)
b. Low- & middle-income countries (LMIC)
b. Low- & middle-income countries (LMIC)
What are the 3 barriers to access to mental health care in high-income countries (HIC)?
- Increased uptake of treatment for mental
disorders since 1990 – For example, 1 in 3 with common mental health problems now
receive some kind of treatment in the UK - Treatment still “not reaching adequate standards”
- Not reaching those in the population who need it the most; e.g. ethnic minorities,
young people – due to perceived barriers to
professional help-seeking and likely ‘real’ structural barriers too
- Increased uptake of treatment for mental
disorders since 1990 – For example, 1 in 3 with common mental health problems now
receive some kind of treatment in the UK - Treatment still “not reaching adequate standards”
- Not reaching those in the population who need it the most; e.g. ethnic minorities,
young people – due to perceived barriers to
professional help-seeking and likely ‘real’ structural barriers too
These are the 3 barriers to access to mental health care for…?
a. High-income countries (HIC)
b. Low- & middle-income countries (LMIC)
a. High-income countries (HIC)
Increased uptake of treatment for mental
disorders since 1990 – For example, 1 in 3 with common mental health problems now
receive some kind of treatment in the UK
This applies to…?
a. High-income countries (HIC)
b. Low- & middle-income countries (LMIC)
a. High-income countries (HIC)
Substantial lack of services and shortage of resources – mostly limited to large psychiatric hospitals
This applies to…?
a. High-income countries (HIC)
b. Low- & middle-income countries (LMIC)
b. Low- & middle-income countries (LMIC)
Shortage of well-trained workforce and tools for detection of mental disorders
This applies to…?
a. High-income countries (HIC)
b. Low- & middle-income countries (LMIC)
b. Low- & middle-income countries (LMIC)
Treatment still “not reaching adequate standards”
This applies to…?
a. High-income countries (HIC)
b. Low- & middle-income countries (LMIC)
a. High-income countries (HIC)
Not reaching those in the population who need it the most; e.g. ethnic minorities,
young people – due to perceived barriers to
professional help-seeking and likely ‘real’ structural barriers too
This applies to…?
a. High-income countries (HIC)
b. Low- & middle-income countries (LMIC)
a. High-income countries (HIC)
Financial cost to families (direct and indirect)
This applies to…?
a. High-income countries (HIC)
b. Low- & middle-income countries (LMIC)
b. Low- & middle-income countries (LMIC)
Perceived barriers to professional helpseeking; e.g. No perceived need for care, mental health stigma
This applies to…?
a. High-income countries (HIC)
b. Low- & middle-income countries (LMIC)
b. Low- & middle-income countries (LMIC)
What are the 3 types of stigma?
- Structural stigma
- Public (social interpersonal) stigma
- Internalised or self-stigma
What is a stigma?
When someone views the individual affected by mental health difficulties in a negative way because of it
When someone views the individual affected by mental health difficulties in a negative way because of it
a. Discrimination
b. Stigma
b. Stigma
What is discrimination?
When someone treats the individual in a negative way because of it
When someone treats the individual in a negative way because of it
a. Discrimination
b. Stigma
a. Discrimination
Mental health stigma is a ‘double jeopardy’ for individuals affected by …?
Mental disorders
Mental health stigma is a ‘double jeopardy’ for individuals affected by mental disorders
What does this mean?
It leads to reluctance to seek help from services
Ignorance/prejudice by family, friends and community lead to additional burdens, including discrimination, exclusion,
economic burden and hardships in accessing adequate care
What type is stigma is this?
a. Structural stigma
b. Public (social interpersonal) stigma
c. Internalised or self-stigma
b. Public (social interpersonal) stigma
Involves emotionally/cognitively absorbing the negative beliefs about the self, largely based on shame, accepting stereotypes, and alienating oneself from others
What type is stigma is this?
a. Structural stigma
b. Public (social interpersonal) stigma
c. Internalised or self-stigma
c. Internalised or self-stigma
Laws, policies, and practices result in the unfair treatment of people with lived and [living] experience of mental health difficulties.
Professionals contribute to stigmatisation through conscious or unconscious biases
What type is stigma is this?
a. Structural stigma
b. Public (social interpersonal) stigma
c. Internalised or self-stigma
a. Structural stigma
How do professionals contribute to stigmatisation?
Through conscious or unconscious biases
What is structural stigma?
Laws, policies, and practices result in the unfair treatment of people with lived and [living] experience of mental health difficulties
Professionals contribute to stigmatisation through conscious or unconscious biases
What is public (social interpersonal) stigma?
Ignorance/prejudice by family, friends and community lead to additional burdens, including discrimination, exclusion,
economic burden and hardships in accessing adequate care
What is internalised or self-stigma?
Self-stigma involves emotionally/cognitively absorbing the negative beliefs about the self, largely based on shame, accepting stereotypes, and alienating oneself from others
Mental health beliefs often affect (reduce) help-seeking (i.e. contacting to seek support from mental health services)
What are the 3 factors that influence this?
- Spirituality/religion
- Shame
- Emotional expression
How can spirituality/religion affect (reduce) help-seeking?
(i.e. contacting to seek support from mental health services)
Attributing to spiritual cause and therefore seeking guidance via spirituality etc.
How can shame affect (reduce) help-seeking?
(i.e. contacting to seek support from mental health services)
Perceiving that mental health difficulties as a ‘weakness’ of character or personality flaw that reflects and impacts on the family due to the significant role of family in one’s life
How can emotional expression affect (reduce) help-seeking?
(i.e. contacting to seek support from mental health services)
Perceiving that lack of emotional balance leads to mental health difficulties which may get aggravated by talking about the issues
Attributing to spiritual cause and therefore seeking guidance via spirituality etc
a. Spirituality/religion
b. Shame
c. Emotional expression
a. Spirituality/religion
Perceiving that mental health difficulties as a ‘weakness’ of character or personality flaw that reflects and impacts on the family due to the significant role of family in one’s life
a. Spirituality/religion
b. Shame
c. Emotional expression
b. Shame
Perceiving that lack of emotional balance leads to mental health difficulties which may get aggravated by talking about the issues
a. Spirituality/religion
b. Shame
c. Emotional expression
c. Emotional expression
Mental health interventions are methods of…?
List 2 points
- Providing treatment and support to individuals (or
groups) experiencing mental health difficulties - Reducing risk of mental health difficulties, building
resilience and establish supportive environments
- Providing treatment and support to individuals (or
groups) experiencing mental health difficulties - Reducing risk of mental health difficulties, building
resilience and establish supportive environments
These are methods of…?
Mental health interventions
What are the 3 types of pre-emptive mental health interventions?
- Universal – for all in a given society
- ‘At-risk group’ / selective – focused on groups known to be at risk
- At-risk / indicated: Sub-clinical, prodromal, ‘at risk state’