Interwar Years 1919 - 39 - Middle East Colonial Policy Flashcards
Why was the Palestinian mandate important to Empire
Strategic Factors - created a buffer zone between Suez and potential threats
What was created in 1920 in Palestine for British control
A Civil Government
Who was high commissioner of the Civil Government?
Herbert Samual (head administrator for 5 years) - he wanted to bring Jews and Arabs together - reconcile them but this proved difficult
What did Herbert Samual manage to improve in Palestine?
Education, economy
Why was British administrative disagreement a weakness in reconciling Jewish Arab relations?
The British Govt in London were Pro Jewish - British in Palestine supported Arab interests (needed their support for Suez)
What social issues in Palestine occured in 1928 and 29?
Riots between Arabs and Jews - Wailing Wall: Jews were angry because Arab building works obstructed access- resulted in hundreds of deaths
What other issue divided Jews and Arabs?
Landholding issues - Palestinians rented land off Jewish population - many were evicted from their homes and farms by Jewish landholders
In 1936, how many British troops were sent to control riots?
20,000
What did the Peele Report of 1937 attempt to do?
A partition between Arab and Jewish states and GB would get control of Jerusalem - Palestine opposed this
When the Peele report failed to recognise a solution - what kind of policy did the British adopt?
Policy of repression from 1937 - 39 - accelerated violence, 100 Arabs hanged
What changed in 1939 and how did this alter British policy in Palestine?
War loomed - Both groups would receive homelands
- Jewish immigration increased (15,000 a year)
- No one was happy but price for TEMPORARY STABILITY
What is current day Mesopotamia?
Iraq
What issues did the British face in Iraq?
Managing social tensions
What agreement was set up in 1916 between French and British?
The Sykes Picot agreement
What did this agreement aim to do?
Divide up the Ottoman Empire after WW1
