Intestinal phase

Question 1

Briefly introduce the intestinal phase

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the the functions of villi, crypts and lacteals?

Answer 2

Question 3

Describe the hepatic portal system

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the intestinal secretions that promote digestion

Answer 4

Question 5

Describe endocrine and exocrine epithelium of the pancreas

Answer 5

Exocrine: acinar cells in clusters of acini
Duct cells secrete NaHCO3

Question 6

Explain the activation of pancreatic enzymes (zymogens)

Answer 6

Question 7

Explain bicarbonate secretion in the pancreas and duodenum

Answer 7

Question 8

Explain the structure and functions of the liver, gallbladder and associated ducts/vasculature

Answer 8

Secretes bile salts, bilirubin, water, ions and phospholipids into duodenum

Question 9

What is bile

Answer 9

Lipid digestion
-recycled

Question 10

Explain fat digestion

Answer 10

Question 11

Explain fat absorption

Answer 11

Question 12

Describe carbohydrate digestion

Answer 12

all have to be converted to monosaccharides to be absorbed

Question 13

Describe carbohydrate absorption

Answer 13

Question 14

Explain protein digestion (endopeptidase and exopeptidase)

Answer 14

Question 15

Explain protein absorption

Answer 15

Question 16

How are vitamins and minerals absorbed

Answer 16

Question 17

Describe ion and water absorption

Answer 17

Question 18

Explain regulation of the intestinal phase through long neural reflexes and short neural reflexes via enteric neurons

Answer 18

Question 19

Describe intestinal motility in fed and fasted state

Answer 19

Question 20

What are the GI peptides (hormones) that regulate the intestinal phase

Answer 20

Question 21

What are S cells and their function

Answer 21

Question 22

What are I cells and their function

Answer 22

Question 23

Describe the three phases of pancreatic secretion

Answer 23

Question 24

What are K cells and L cells

Answer 24

only know presence of carbohydrates in GI lumen

Question 25

Explain the integration of the gastric and intestinal phase

Answer 25

Question 26

How does the large intesting store and concentrate waste

Answer 26

The appendix houses good bacteria and acts as a resovoir

Question 27

Describe secretions and digestion in the large intestine

Answer 27

Question 28

Describe motility in the large intestine

Answer 28

Question 29

Explain the defecation reflex

Answer 29

Question 30

What causes diarrhea

Answer 30

Question 31

What causes vomiting

Answer 31

Question 32

Describe the immune function of the GI tract

Answer 32