Renal system

Question 1

What is the function of the kidneys?

Answer 1

Question 2

How much cardiac output does the urinary system receive?

Answer 2

20-25%

Question 3

What are nephrons?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the vascular components of the renal system?

Answer 4

Question 5

What are the tubular components of the renal system?

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the 4 processes of the kidney?

Answer 6

Question 7

Explain the process from the proximal tubule to the collecting duct

Answer 7

Question 8

Explain the process of filtration

Answer 8

-Cardiac output is 5L/min
-Kidneys receive about 20% of CO (1L/min)
-60% of blood is plasma (0.6L/min)
-20% of the plasma is filtered (0.12L/min)

-0.12L/min x 60min/hour x 24 hour/day
about 173 (180) L plasma filtered/day
-125ml/min

Question 9

What is the renal corpuscle (Triple filtration barrier)

Answer 9

Question 10

What are the 3 pressures that govern filtration from glomerular capillaries into the renal tubes?

Answer 10

Question 11

What is GFR and the two factors that influence it?

Answer 11

Question 12

Why is GFR relatively constant?

Answer 12

-Prevents excess fluid loss during increased activity, blood pressure, etc.
-Doesn’t regulate at low pressure to allow increased filtration

Question 13

explain the effects of GFR and RBF when each afferent and efferent arterioles are constricted/dilated seperately

Answer 13

Question 14

Explain GFR myogenic autoregulation

Answer 14

Question 15

Explain tubuloglomerular feedback

Answer 15

Question 16

How do sympathetic neurons influence GFR

Answer 16

Question 17

How do hormones influence GFR

Answer 17

Question 18

How can you calculate the amount filtered/reabsorbed/secreted in the kidneys

Answer 18

Question 19

Describe reabsorption

Answer 19

Question 20

Describe transport during reabsorption

Answer 20

Question 21

Explain active transport of Na+ during reabsorption

Answer 21

Question 22

Explain passive reabsorption and endocytosis

Answer 22

Question 23

Explain how renal transport can reach saturation

Answer 23

Question 24

Describe renal threshold

Answer 24

Question 25

Explain how peritubular capillary pressures favor reabsorption

Answer 25

Question 26

What is secretion?

Answer 26

Question 27

Explain the secondary and tertiary indirect active transport process of secretion

Answer 27

Question 28

What is clearance

Answer 28

Question 29

What is excretion?

Answer 29

Question 30

Explain how clearance is used to noninvasively measure GFR

Answer 30

Question 31

How is creatinine clearance used as a measure of GFR?

Answer 31

plasma creatinine concentration is quite stable, it is filtered, not reabsorbed, but a very small amount is secreted, so it slightly overestimates GFR

Question 32

How does clearance help determine net renal handling?

Answer 32

Question 33

Explain renal clearance of glucose

Answer 33

Question 34

Explain renal urea clearance

Answer 34

Question 35

Explain renal penicillin clearance

Answer 35

Question 36

Summarize the relationships between GFR vs Clearance and their respected outcomes of renal handling

Answer 36

Question 37

What is the micturition reflex?

Answer 37

Question 38

What is incontinence?

Answer 38

Question 39

Describe the physiological responses to increase volume of fluid in the bladder that leads to micturition reflex

Answer 39