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Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

L1: Most common type of cancer in the small bowel.

A

Adenocarcinoma

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2
Q

L1: Most common type of cancer of the appendix

A

Carcinoma

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3
Q

L1: Name the top two causes of death from infection in the U.S.

A
  1. Pneumonia, 2. Diarrhea
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4
Q

L1: Rotavirus or Norovirus? Can be transmitted by contaminated water or shell fish

A

Norovirus

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5
Q

L1: Rotavirus or Norovirus? Lasts 5-8 days

A

Rotavirus

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6
Q

L1: Rotavirus or Norovirus? Preferentially affects infants and young children

A

Rotavirus

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7
Q

L1: Rotavirus or Norovirus? Responsible for family and community epidemics

A

Norovirus

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8
Q

L1: What pathologic pattern? New onset diarrhea seen in a patient being treated with antibiotics, often in the inpatient setting.

A

Pseudomembranous colitis/Clostridium difficile

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9
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Associated wih abscess formation

A

Crohn Disease

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10
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Associated with fistula formation

A

Crohn Disease

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11
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Associated with Malabsorption or Obstruction

A

Crohn Disease

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12
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Associated with Progressive Sclerosing Cholangitis

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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13
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Associated with strictures

A

Crohn Disease

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14
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Deep, linear ulcers

A

Crohn Disease

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15
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? More commonly associated with extraintestinal symptoms

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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16
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Predisposes to colorectal cancer

A

Both

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17
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Superficial, confluent ulcers

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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18
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Thickened wall appearance

A

Crohn Disease

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19
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Thinned wall appearance

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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20
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Toxic Megacolon

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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21
Q

L1: Which form of IBD? Transmural inflammation and granulomas

A

Crohn Disease

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22
Q

L2: Difference >50 mOsm is indicative of _____ diarrhea

A

Osmotic

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23
Q

L2: Name the 4 main fat-soluble vitamins.

A

A, D, E, and K

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24
Q

L2: Name the complications of diverticulosis. (2)

A

Diverticulitis, hemorrhage

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25
L2: Name the two watershed areas affected in ischemic colitis.
Splenic flexure, rectosigmoid junction
26
L2: What are the two histologic patterns seen in microscopic colitis?
Thickened collagenous band or lymphocytic infiltration
27
L2: What is the most common strain of E. coli implicated in diarrheal infection?
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (O157:H7)
28
L2: What pathologic pattern? "Volcano-like" eruption of neutrophils and mucinous debris forming a layer on the mucosal surface at sites of injury
Pseudomembranous colitis/Clostridium difficile
29
L2: What pathologic pattern? Accounts for most cases of self-limited infectious diarrhea
Vrial enterocolitis
30
L2: What pathologic pattern? Bloody diarrhea with severe cramps and no fever; edema, erosions, ulcerations, and hemorrhage mostly in the right colon
E. coli
31
L2: What pathologic pattern? Chronic secretory diarrhea of colonic origin with no positive findings on endoscopy
Microscopic Colitis
32
L2: What pathologic pattern? Fever, joint pain, diarrhea, abdominal pain, CNS/neurologic signs; PAS+ staining macrophages on biopsy with confirmatory PCR
Whipple's Disease
33
L2: What pathologic pattern? Flask-shaped ulcers with organisms (bright red nuclei and abundant cytoplasm) in the mucus and stool
Entamoeba histolytica
34
L2: What pathologic pattern? Leading cause of death from infectious diarrhea in the US
Rotavirus
35
L2: What pathologic pattern? Major cause of diarrhea worldwide, found in contaminated meat, water, or unpasteurized dairy; watery diarrhea
Campylobacter
36
L2: What pathologic pattern? Most common cause of severe childhood diarrhea and diarrheal mortality
Rotavirus
37
L2: What pathologic pattern? Most common helminthic cause of GI infection
Ascaris lumbricoides
38
L2: What pathologic pattern? Most common parasitic cause of infectious diarrhea
Entamoeba histolytica
39
L2: What pathologic pattern? Organism-laden macrophages accumulate in the small intestine lamina propria, impaired lymphatic transport with malabsorption
Whipple's Disease
40
L2: What pathologic pattern? Protozoan parasite causing sporadic or epidemic diarrhea.
Giardia
41
L2: What pathologic pattern? Steatorrhea, weight loss, diarrhea, vitamin deficiencies
Fat malabsorption
42
L2: What pathologic pattern? Symptoms develop 7-14 days after exposure the water that was not filtered (may have been treated with chloride)
Giardia
43
L2: What pathologic pattern? Traveler's diarrhea that may develop abdominal pain, headache, fever; possible complications of perforation and toxic megacolon
Salmonella/Typhoid
44
L2: Which cause of GI hemorrhage? Associated with a history of radiation
Radiation proctitis
45
L2: Which cause of GI hemorrhage? Associated with chronic abdominal pain and diarrhea
IBD
46
L2: Which cause of GI hemorrhage? Associated with chronic microcytic anemia
Neoplasm or AVM
47
L2: Which cause of GI hemorrhage? Associated with travel, ill contacts, antibiotic use
infectious colitis
48
L2: Which cause of GI hemorrhage? Associated with weight loss, new constipation, and anemia
Neoplasm
49
L2: Which cause of GI hemorrhage? Hematochezia after surgery or MI
Ischemic colitis
50
L2: Which cause of GI hemorrhage? Painless, heavy bleeding in elderly patient
Diverticulosis
51
L2: Which MHC alleles are associated with celiac disease?
HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8
52
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Left lower quadrant pain, nausea, fever
Diverticulitis
53
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Nausea/vomiting, distention, constipation, obstipation
Colonic obstruction
54
L3: Osm Gap = _______
290- 2(Na + K)
55
L3: What antibodies are associated with celiac disease?
anti-TTg, anti-endomysial, anti-gliadin
56
L3: What is the histologic finding in celiac disease?
Loss of villi with crypt hyperplasia
57
L3: Which malignancies have increased prevalence in individuals with celiac disease?
EAT lymphoma and small intestinal adenocarcinoma
58
L4: Name 5 causes of non-inflammatory infectious diarrhea
Rotavirus, Norovirus, vibrio cholera, Giardia, E. coli (ETEC)
59
L4: Name 5 pathogens that cause inflammatory diarrhea
Campylobacter, E. coli (EHEC), entamoeba histolytica, salmonella, clostridium difficile
60
L4: Name the 4 most common bacterial pathogens associated with diarrheal infection.
Campylobacter, Salmonella, Clostridium, E. coli
61
L4: Types of Diarrhea (4)
Watery, Fatty, Inflammatory/Exudative, Functional

GI (15 decks)

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