into and connective tissues Flashcards
lectures 1 and 2 (99 cards)
1
Q
Anatomy
A
Internal and external structures within body
2
Q
Cytology
A
Study of cells (microscopic)
3
Q
Histology
A
Study of tissues (microscopic)
4
Q
Gross anatomy
A
Surface level, you can feel them, regional, system (organ system )
5
Q
Levels of organization (simple to complex)
A
Chemical/molecular
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
6
Q
4 elements that make up more than 90% of the body
A
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Carbon
Nitrogen
7
Q
4 major classes of molecules
A
Water (66%)
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
8
Q
4 types of tissues
A
Muscular
Neural
Epithelial
Connective
9
Q
11 organ systems in the body
A
Integumentary systems
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
10
Q
Homeostasis
A
maintaining internal temperature at suitable conditions for cell survival
11
Q
Disease
A
failure to maintain homeostatic conditions
12
Q
pathology
A
study of disease
13
Q
superficial anatomy
A
things we notice when we look at someone (skin color, symmetry, balance)
14
Q
language of anatomy
A
communication purpose
give precise information
15
Q
anatomical landmarks
A
prominent/visible structures, surface anatomy
16
Q
anterior is also known as…
A
ventral
17
Q
posterior is also known as…
A
dorsal
18
Q
epithelial tissue
A
sheets of tightly bound cells
act as a liner
19
Q
where is epithelial tissue found?
A
skin
digestive tract
kidneys
20
Q
epithelial tissue in digestive tract does what?
A
provides protection, some selective absorption (Leaky Gut Syndrome)
21
Q
Leaky Gut Syndrome
A
tissue that is usually tightly packed are loose, making gaps in the intestinal wall that allows matter/nutrients to seep out of the digestive tract
—> causes abdominal
inflammation/bloating
22
Q
connective tissue provides…
A
support and structure in the body
23
Q
muscular tissue provides…
A
the ability to contract/produce muscle movement
24
Q
neural tissue provides…
A
electrical impulse conductions
25
3 main components in connective tissues
extracellular protein fibers
matrix
specialized cells
26
3 main categories of connective tissues
connective tissue proper
fluid connective tissue
supporting connective tissue
27
functions of connective tissues
establishes framework
transports fluids
dissolves materials
protect organs
stores energy
defends body from microorganisms
28
connective tissue proper breaks into...
2 groups:
loose
dense
29
Loose connective tissue has 3 groups called...
areolar tissue
adipose tissue
reticular tissue
30
Loose connective tissue has ________ matrix
loose fibrous matrix
31
areolar tissue (CT proper) has...
fibrocytes
macrophrage
collagen fibers
mast cell
elastic fibers
makes up fascia
32
areolar tissue (CT proper) is found...
deep in the dermis
33
areolar tissue (CT proper) functions:
binds skin to muscles
provides minimal support
gives alot of movement (it wants the dermis to move as muscle contract and elongate)
34
adipose tissue (CT proper) has a _______ matrix
fibrous
35
adipose tissue (CT proper) is found...
in the hypodermis (fat layer between skin, muscles, and other structures)
36
adipose tissue (CT proper) provides...
cushioning and insulating functions
37
reticular tissue (CT proper) has a _________ matrix
fibrous
38
reticular tissue (CT proper) is found in...
organs such as :
liver
spleen
kidneys
lymph nodes
appendix
bone marrow
tonsils
39
reticular tissue (CT proper) has fibers that...
are oriented to provide a supporting framework for all those organs
40
dense connective tissue has 3 categories called...
dense regular connective tissue
dense irregular connective tissue
elastic tissue
41
denser regular connective tissue has ________ fibers in ___________ orientation
densely packed fibers
linear orientation
42
dense regular tissue is strong or weak?
strong tissue
43
dense connective tissue is found in:
tendons
ligaments
44
tendons connect.....
muscles to bones
45
ligaments connect...
bone to bone
46
what is aponeurosis ?
a broad sheet-like tendon
one on the top of our heads called epicranial aponeurosis
47
elastic tissue is _______ connective tissue but has _________
dense connective tissue
has more elastic fibers
48
elastic tissue (dense CT) is found in....
fascia
49
elastic tissue (dense CT) helps
stabilize vertebrae and spinal column
50
dense irregular connective tissue has fibers that are _________
not organzied
51
dense irregular tissues provide...
strength and support (weaker than dense regular though..)
52
denser irregular tissues are found in...
fibrous capsule
around muscles
dermis on skin
glands
sime visceral organs
53
denser irregular is also found in very outer layer/capsule of bone called
periosteum
54
dense irregular tissue is also found in the outer most layer of cartilage called
perichondrium
55
fluid connective tissue has a ________ matrix
liquid matrix
56
fluid connective tissue has 2 categories called...
blood
lymph
57
where is blood (fluid CT) found?
cardiovascular/circulatory system
58
specialized cells in blood (fluid CT)
erythrocytes
leukocytes
platelets
59
lymph (fluid CT) is found in...
lymphatic system
60
specialized cells of lymph (fluid CT)
lymphocytes
61
lymph (fluid CT) plays a vital role in what system?
immune system
62
supporting connecting tissue provide....
strong framework that supports the rest of the body
63
categories of supporting connective tissues:
bones
joints
cartilage
64
specialized cells of cartilage (supporting CT)
chondrocytes
65
cartilage (supporting CT) has a ________ matrix
gelatinous/gel
66
cartilage (supporting CT) has ___________ as a protein in its matrix
chondroitin sulfate
67
cartilage (supporting CT) has _________ amount of blood supply, making it __________
no blood supply
avascular
68
why is it when cartilage (supporting CT) is damaged, it doesn't heal well?
since it is avascular, it gets no blood supply to heal readily
69
3 types of cartilage (supporting CT):
hyaline
elastic
fibrous
70
hyaline is a type of _________, (supporting CT). it is found between the ______ and ______
cartilage
ribs and sternum
71
hyaline cartilage is found in structures along the ______ region as well as between the _______ and _______
throat region
ribs and sternum
72
hyaline cartilage is found in these structures of the throat region
larynx
trachea (windpipe, bronchi)
73
hyaline cartilage is found in (list all)
think respiratory system
between ribs and sternum
throat region (trachea, windpipe)
joints, elbows, knees
immune system (plentiful amount)
74
hyaline cartilage provides ______ and reduces _________
flexible support
friction (due to movement, think of the throat)
75
elastic is a type of ______ (supporting CT) and provides
cartilage
flexible support
76
elastic cartilage is found in...
external flap of ear (auricle)
auditory ear canal
epiglottis (internal throat structure)
77
fibrous is a type of ________ (supporting CT) that resists _______ and absorbs ______. It is very strong.
cartilage
resists compression
absorbs shock
78
fibrous cartilage is found in...
tissue to bone attachments
menisci
pubic symphysis
intervertebral disc
79
specialized cells in bone (supporting CT)
osteocytes
80
bone (supporting CT) has a _________ matrix
solid matrix, immovable
81
bone (supporting CT) has _______ in its matrix, making it very, very strong.
calcium phosphates
82
bone (supporting CT) has 2 categories:
compact bone
spongy bone (trabecular/cancellous bone)
83
compact bone has blood vessels trapped in a ________ matrix
solid
84
the blood vessels in compact bone are located inside _______ canals
central canals/Haversian canals
85
the haversian/central canals are in the ________
osteon
86
the osteon is the ______ of compact bone
the functional unit
87
_______ inside the osteons make concentric circles called ______
osteocytes
lacunae
88
what's canaliculi ?
they are the channels between the lacunae and blood vessels that lead out to the surface of the osteon (allows for transport)
89
periosteum is _________ connective tissue that serves as the _____________________
dense irregular
outermost layer of bones
90
where is spongy bone located?
inside compact bone
91
spongy bone has a _________ arrangement
looser
92
_________ runs through spongy bone
bone marrows
93
is spongy bone vascularized or avascularized?
vascularized
94
the layers of connective tissue that connect organs with the rest of the body are called ________. They cover the muscles.
fascia
95
There are 3 types of fascia called :
superficial fascia
deep fascia
subserous fascia
96
Superficial fascia is made of ______________. It is the ___________ layer.
Loose connective tissue: areolar and adipose
subcutaneous layer
97
deep fascia is made of _____ connective tissue
dense irregular
98
subserous fascia is a __________ connective tissue. It is the ______ layer.
areolar.
deeper
99
scoliosis has a curvature in the _______ plane
