Respiratory System (10)

Question 1

the respiratory system includes:

Answer 1

nose

nasal cavity

paranasal sinuses

pharynx

larynx

trachea

bronchi

lungs

bronchioles

alveoli

Question 2

the upper respiratory system includes :

Answer 2

nose

nasal cavity

paranasal sinuses

pharynx

epiglottis

Question 3

the lower respiratory system includes:

Answer 3

larynx

trachea

bronchi

lungs

bronchioles

alveoli

Question 4

the conducting portion of the respiratory system is the _________________________

Answer 4

area from the mouth and nose to the bronchi (right before you hit the lungs)

it represents the “conducting system” of warming/filtering/bringing air to the lungs

Question 5

the functions of the respiratory system include:

Answer 5

area for gas exchange; moves air to/form exchange surfaces of lungs

protects respiratory surfaces from dehydration

protects against pathogens

produces sound for verbal communication

Question 6

nostril hairs are the _____ defense against ______

Answer 6

first defense against pathogens

Question 7

deep to the nostril hairs (through the nasal cavity) are the _______

Answer 7

superior/middle/inferior
nasal conchae

Question 8

all surfaces within the nasal cavity are lined with _______ for mucus production

Answer 8

epithelium

Question 9

posterior to the nasal cavity is the ______ opening of the auditory canal

Answer 9

phayngeal

Question 10

these are the 3 regions of the pharynx

Answer 10

1. nasal pharynx
2. oropharynx
3. laryngopharynx

Question 11

the nasal pharynx is ______ to the nasal cavity and slightly _____ to it as well.

Answer 11

posterior to the nasal cavity

slightly inferior

Question 12

the oropharynx is ______ to the nasopharynx and ______ to the oral cavity

Answer 12

inferior to the nasopharynx

posterior to the oral cavity

Question 13

the laryngopharynx is __________ to the oropharynx and _______ to the larynx

Answer 13

inferior to the oropharynx

posterior to the larynx

Question 14

the epiglottis is ____________.

Answer 14

fold of tissue on the top of the trachea that open/closes it

Question 15

the epiglottis moves _____ when we swallow and _______ the top of the trachea

Answer 15

inferiorly

closes

Question 16

the epiglottis ensures that food/liquid _________________

Answer 16

does not go into the trachae or the lungs

Question 17

this type of cartilage makes up the epiglottis. it is covered with a ___________

Answer 17

elastic cartilage

covered with mucus membrane

Question 18

the conducting portions of the respiratory systems are covered in ___________.

Answer 18

respiratory epithelium

Question 19

the respiratory epithelium is covered in ___________ that produces _________. it is also called _________________ (____)

Answer 19

mucus cells that produces mucus

aka pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (PCCE)

Question 20

the respiratory epithelium lines the entire ____________-

Answer 20

respiratory tract

Question 21

the respiratory epithelium is an important functions of capturing ___________ with a _________ movement

Answer 21

debris/pathogens

wave-like movement

Question 22

the “mucus elevator” is made up of __________ and is located within the _____ respiratory system.

Answer 22

cilia (shag carpet looking like structure)

located within the lower respiratory system

Question 23

there are respiratory bronchioles within the lungs that are attached _______ to _____________

Answer 23

attached at the ends to alveolar ducts (these ducts end at the alveolar sacs)

Question 24

the respiratory bronchioles within the lungs are surrounded by ______ that enables them to expand and contract with every inhalation/exhalation

Answer 24

smooth muscle

Question 25

air moves through ________, then through alveolar ducts, to end up in _________ and finally into the alveoli.

Answer 25

bronchioles alveolar sacs

Question 26

extensive network of ____________ surrounds each alveoli. these are the location to which ________ takes place.

Answer 26

capillaries gas exchange

Question 27

gas exchange inside the capillary:

Answer 27

CO2 unloaded from blood O2 picked up from blood

Question 28

a single alveolar sac:

Answer 28

single alveolus

Question 29

bronchiole is:

Answer 29

a large structure wrapped in smooth muscle to provide contracting ability

Question 30

the pulmonary artery takes ________ blood from the ________ and works into _________, then finally into the __________ bed.

Answer 30

deoxygenated blood away form the heart works into arterioles finally, capillary beds

Question 31

from the capillaries, the blood travels into ____________ to work its way _____________ to ultimately go into the ___________

Answer 31

smaller venules veins pulmonary vein

Question 32

the elastic fibers around the alveoli provide:

Answer 32

contracting ability to expand

Question 33

type 1 alveolar cells lines ______ and is where ________ takes place in the _______.

Answer 33

alveoli gas exchange takes place in the alveoli

Question 34

type 2 alveolar cells are scattered among the type 1 alveolar cells and are important because they produce:

Answer 34

surfactant

Question 35

surfactant, produced by __________, is important because it ____________________________ to enable them to ________.

Answer 35

type 2 alveolar cells prevents alveoli from sticking to itself during contractions to enable them to expand again.

Question 36

alveolar macrophages wander around doing what?

Answer 36

phagocytizing matter/debris that shouldn't be there

Question 37

gas exchange occurs specifically at what barrier?

Answer 37

blood air barrier

Question 38

the blood air barrier is where _________ and is made up of ___________ against the ____________. its a ______

Answer 38

gas exchange occur made up of alveolar cels against the capillary endothelium its a layer

Question 39

blood air barrier is a fused _____________

Answer 39

fused basement membrane

Question 40

type 1 cells in the capillary endothelium make up the fused basement membrane of the __________________

Answer 40

blood air barrier where gas exchange takes place specifically

Question 41

Gas exchange at the blood air barrier occurs like:

Answer 41

CO2 leaves capillary to go into alveolar sacs O2 leaves alveolar sacs and enter the capillary

Question 42

pulmonary arteries branch repeatedly within the lungs before it supplies that ________________

Answer 42

pulmonary capillaries

Question 43

pulmonary veins deliver ________ blood to the ____________

Answer 43

oxygenated blood to the heart

Question 44

left and right pleura cavities separated by the _________-

Answer 44

mediastinum

Question 45

the serous membrane of the lungs are called:

Answer 45

1. visceral pleura 2. parietal pleura

Question 46

mediastinum is a __________

Answer 46

membranous partition

Question 47

posterior to the mediastinum is the _____

Answer 47

esophagus

Question 48

posterior to the esophagus is the

Answer 48

aorta

Question 49

the right lung is adjacent to the

Answer 49

vertrabl column

Question 50

the left lung is adjacent to the

Answer 50

aorta

Question 51

the pleura cavity is ________________

Answer 51

between the visceral and parietal pleura

Question 52

the pleura cavity contains this type of fluid that allows for lung contractibility. what does this fluid reduce?

Answer 52

pleural fluid reduces friction during respiration

Question 53

pleurisy is a condition where _________________

Answer 53

membranes produce too little or too much pleural fluid that causes lung disfunctionality.

Question 54

pulmonary ventilation (respiration) is driven by the _____

Answer 54

ANS

Question 55

complex mechanisms via the ANS __________________ breathing rate and depth to the body's metabolic needs

Answer 55

adjusts/controls

Question 56

pulmonary ventilation ( aka __________ ) is normally _________, but can be _______ when exercising

Answer 56

(respiration) involuntary voluntary

Question 57

neural circuits in pulmonary ventilation relay _______ from _______ to ______ to coordinate ______

Answer 57

information higher brain centers, lungs, and other sensors the rest of the body's ventilatory control

Question 58

the ______ is the primary respiratory center

Answer 58

medulla oblongata

Question 59

the medulla oblongata plays an important role in these two systems:

Answer 59

1. cardiovascular system 2. respiratory system

Question 60

inspiratory neurons with cell bodies are found in this important structure ________

Answer 60

medulla oblongata

Question 61

messages get sent to the _______ and then the ______ tells the body what to do. (important center for respiratory and cardiovascular systems)

Answer 61

medulla oblongata medulla oblongata

Question 62

the neurons in the medulla oblongata activate the ____ and the _____

Answer 62

diaphragm intercostal muscles

Question 63

when the diaphragm contracts, it _______. what does this action do to the pleura cavity?

Answer 63

flattens increases the space in the pleura cavity

Question 64

when the diaphragm relaxes, the amount of space in the pleural cavity ______

Answer 64

decreases pushes air out, diaphragm rises

Question 65

the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases during which part of breathing?

Answer 65

exhalation

Question 66

peripheral chemo-receptors read the _________

Answer 66

metabolic demand